Gun Control And The Second Amendment Of The Constitution

â€Å"â€Å"This whole law was written on the backs of children who didn’t die,† he said.†1 Gun Control is a very controversial topic being discussed. Those against new gun control laws have a lot of reasons; however they have one main argument which is the Second Amendment of the Constitution. Gun control is one of the leading factors that go into a campaign. More rules and regulations are not always the answer. There are many examples of places where they have strict rules on the purchase of firearms or even no firearms at all and guns are still used for violence. Foreign countries do not help us here either. The United States gets much criticism from many other countries even though they are not doing much better. However no matter what they say it does nothing to keep people from buying guns for self-defense. Some people are talking about self-defense who is against, and those who support these laws are calling them common sense. These are a few of t he reasons for there to be a decrease in gun control; however these are a few of the main arguments. Everywhere gun control is a big deal. It has a major impact on our elections here in the United States. Politicians can use gun control to get votes. â€Å"Leading Democratic candidates are aware that endorsing gun control can cost them votes.†2 Gun control policies can also destroy the politicians and their campaign. Voters look at policies of politicians and unfortunately those that are against implementing more gun controlShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Constitution : Should We Amend The Second Amendment?2288 Words   |  10 PagesAs many people should know, hundreds of thousands of people die every day. Many of them go under the category that they shoot and kill themselves or they get killed by some pathetic individual with a gun. In the article, â€Å"Gun Control and the Constitution: Should We Amend the Second Amendment?† It states that, â€Å"Last year, handguns killed 48 people in Japan, 8 in Great Britain, 34 in Switzerland, 52 in Canada, 58 in Israel, 21 in Sweden, 42 in West Germany, and 10,728 in the Unites States.† FollowingRead MoreEssay on The Right to Bear Arms a Constitutional Conflict 1666 Words   |  7 PagesCarta. This Angevin Charter will eventually â€Å"become a model for the American colonists in their struggle against the English monarchy† (Henderson 85). Further reinforcements involve banning society from hunting as well as controlling who can own a gun based on one’s religion or social class. Not only were these constraints administered towards individuals, but they were also applied to weapons. Monarchs controlled the size, type, amount and location of society’s weapons. The manner in which monarchsRead MoreThe Debate on Gun Control and the Second Amendment Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesGuns have been around for a very long time. People love being able to have the freedom to do what they want, especially when they can possess something that make them feel superior. The introduction of the Second Amendment opens up the controversial, yet well anticipated opportunity for United State citizens to be able to own guns. Americans enjoy the benefit of being able to own guns for decades over people in other countries. People can buy guns and carry them around in public. They own guns forRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control828 Words   |  4 Pages The high rates of gun violence and accidents in the United States have long aroused public concern, in view of the strong correlation between gun prevalence, many people believe that the United States must adopt stricter gun control measures to reduce the huge number of firearms across the nation. These people are known as gun control proponents, or advocates. However, many other people do not think so. In their eyes, the serious firearm problems do not result from gun prevalence, and many peopleRead More The Right To Own Guns Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pages The Right to Own Guns As American citizens, we have more rights and freedoms than any other group of people in the world. The founders of this country established these freedoms because they had previously lived in countries where the people did not have as many rights. One of these rights is stated in the Second Amendment to the Constitution, which proclaims â€Å"the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† But over the years various laws and regulations have infringed uponRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gun Control1397 Words   |  6 Pages The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791, as part of the first ten amendments located in the Bill of Rights. Since then there have been many attempts to create stricter gun control legislation and this leads to the argument whether or not this is an attack on the 2nd  Amendment? The Bill of Rights amendments adds to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and  rights. The Second AmendmentRead MoreEssay on Gun Ownership and the Second Amendment of the Constitution1624 Words   |  7 PagesGun Ownership and the Second Amendment Over the centuries, the Supreme Court has always ruled that the 2nd Amendment protects the states militias rights to bear arms, and that this protection does not extend to individuals. In fact, legal scholars consider the issue settled law. For this reason, the gun lobby does not fight for its perceived constitutional right to keep and bear arms before the Supreme Court, but in Congress. Interestingly, even interpreting an individual right in the 2ndRead MoreThe Second Amendment Of The United States1367 Words   |  6 Pageshabitual, therefore, people fear guns and want to enact gun control laws. Recent attacks from terrorist groups spark the question of who should have the right to own guns. Controversies over interpreting the Second Amendment date back to the turn of the twentieth century because so many viewpoints and regulations have accumulated; it is all in the manner of which interpretation citizens subscribe to- loose verses strict interpretation. Due to the controversies, c ertain gun regulations have been enactedRead MoreGun Control in America785 Words   |  3 Pagescrime in America. Gun control has become a hot topic when talking about crime prevention. Gun control is any law, policy, or practice created to regulate the possession, production, sale, and use of firearms by private citizens. The majority of the American citizens believe that we should be able to own firearms for protection, leisure and sporting purposes. These people believe that denial of ownership of firearms infringes our Second Amendment right. The Second Amendment states, â€Å"A well-regulatedRead MoreThe Second Amendment Of The United States1725 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Americans are deeply divided over the Second Amendment. Some passionately assert that the Amendment protects an individual’s right to own guns. Others, that it does no more than protect the right of states to maintain militias† (Cornell). The Second Amendment of the constitution gives citizens the right to bear arms, and is therefore one of the most important laws of the nation. This amendment holds an important value to our nation because, it prevents tyranny but, it also protects, spreads, and

The Center s Purpose And Its Philosophy On The Care Of...

The Center s purpose and its philosophy on the care of our children’s 7.702.41 A The United Nation Daycare Center provide the developmentally appropriate balance of learning and play to prepare children for kindergarten and beyond. Our skilled, dedicated teachers and staff create a safe, nurturing environment. Our curriculum creates a strong educational foundation and helps build social skills, community awareness and self-confidence. We involve parents to their child’s classroom to experiences through taking place in how to communicate and suggestions for ways to continue the learning at home. Our Mission: The United Nation Daycare Center aims to offer safe and secure childcare at all times. Close personal attention to each child is†¦show more content†¦3. How to support the physical development and health of a child 4. What language, literacy, and communication skills to use with child 5. The mathematics area 6. The creative arts area 7. The science and technology rea 8. The social studies area In order to insure success in all of our children we ask parents and guardians to stay involved in our center learning time, participate in the center workshops, and help facilitate their children’s need by stay connected with our facility trained staff members. The Center ages of children accepted 7.702.41 B The United Nation Daycare Center will care for a maximum of 20 children. This number is based on the number of children care providers on staff. The United Daycare Center provides car for children between the ages of 2 and 5 years. The United Nation Daycare Center facilitates help with special needs children following the regulations of the Americans with Disabilities Act 7.702.41 C The United Nation Daycare Center complies with all necessary requirements in order to facilitate the special need of the child with the information gathered by the child parent or guardian in charge for the child. Teacher and staff members will be provided with all necessary training in order to be equipped to work with the child in need. Following all regulation required by the American with Disabilities law. 4. Hours of business operation for the center 7.702.41 D The United Nation Daycare Center daycare will accept

Applied Linguistics Free Essays

string(93) " are systematically in order that makes us understand what the intention of the sentence is\." Language can be viewed as a social fact, as a psychological state (mental dictionary), as a set of structures (a grammatical system: a system to what orders the words have to come in if they are to make sense), or as a collection of outputs (utterances/ sentences: spoken or written). Language can be viewed as a set of choices (different ways of saying a sentence), a set of contrasts (an inversion of sentences). Idiolect (I-language: language of the individual): the language system of an individual as expressed by the way he or she speaks or writes within the overall system of a reticular language. We will write a custom essay sample on Applied Linguistics or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a broader sense, someone†s idiolect includes their way of communicating; for example, their choice of utterances and the way they interpret the utterances made by others. In a narrower sense, an idiolect might entail features, either in speech or writing, which distinguish one individual from others, such as o voice quality ( the overall impression that a listener obtains of a speaker†s voice or characteristics of a particular voice that enable the listener to distinguish one voice from another, such as when a person is able to identify a telephone caller) o pitch when we listen to people speaking, we can hear some sounds or groups of sounds in their speech to be relatively higher or lower than others) o speech rhythm (rhythm in speech is created by the contracting or relaxing of chest muscles). Many linguists prefer to use the term IDIOLECT for the language of an individual. So you do not speak English, you speak your idiolect. That seems simple enough until we ask what English† consists of. Presumably it consists of the sum of all the idiolect of people who we agree are speaking English. Do I-language: an approach to language which sees it as an internal property of the unman mind and as not something external or an attempt to construct grammars showing the way human mind structures language and which (universal) principles are involved. E-language: an approach to language which describes the general structures and patterns. E-language= Langue (Assure) = Competence (Chomsky): the system of a language, that is the arrangement of sounds and words which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge (agree to use). Langue is the ideal form of a language. Parole (Assure): the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Competence: a person†s internalized grammar of a language. This means a person†s ability to create and understand sentences, including sentences they have never heard before. It also includes a person†s knowledge of what are and what are not sentences of a particular language. For example, a speaker of English would recognize I want to go home as an English sentence but would not accept a sentence such as I want going home even though all the words in it are English words. Competence often refers to the ideal speaker/hearer, that is an idealized but a not real person who would have a complete knowledge of the whole language. Performance: a person†s actual use of language. A difference is made between a person†s knowledge of the language (competence) and how a person uses this knowledge in producing and understanding sentences (performance). The difference between linguistic competence and linguistic performance can be seen, for example, in the production of long and complex sentences. People may have the competence to produce an infinitely long sentence but when they actually attempt to use this knowledge (=perform) there are many reasons why they restrict the number of adjectives, adverbs, and clauses in any one sentence. They may run out of breath, or their sterner may get bored or forget what has been said if the sentence is too long. In using language, people make errors or false starts. These may be due to performance factors such as fatigue, lack of attention, excitement, nervousness. Their actual use of language on a particular occasion may not reflect their competence. The errors they make are described as examples of performance. Keywords Language: the system of human communication which consists of the structured arrangement of sounds or written representation into larger unit e. G. Orpheus, word, sentence, utterance. A social fact, a kind of social contract, or a set of structure r as a collection of output. Idiolect: langue for specific group of people or language for individual; only the speaker of this language can understand. Utterance: a unit of analysis in speech which has been defined in various way but commonly as a sequence of words within a single person’s turn at talk that fall under a single intonation contour. Universal grammar: a thorny which claims to account for grammatical competence of every adult no matter what language he or she speaks. Langue: part of language which is not complete in any individual, but exists only in the collectivity. Parole: language that is used individually. (I-language) E-language: is the â€Å"external† manifestation of the â€Å"internally’ (mentally) represented grammar of many individual. It is appropriate for social, political, mathematical and logical statement. I-language: language viewed as internal property of human mind or a computational system in human brain. Answer Sq 1 . The author says, â€Å"A language is a social fact, a kind of social contract. † What does this mean? This means that language is the mean of communication which not only an individual but also all people in the community accept and understand it as a hole. People use language as a contract for their daily life, since language is a social fact that people use to understand each other and purposely set up the proof of their will or promise. 2. What do you understand from the examples that follow? A. Kim kissed crocodile. B. The crocodile kissed Kim. C. Kissed crocodile Kim the. Sentence A and B are understandable; that is, we can say that they are language which is seen as a set of choice and a set of contrast. A set of choice or contrast means that a group of word are systematically in order that makes us understand what the intention of the sentence is. You read "Applied Linguistics" in category "Papers" However, sentence C does not make sense at all, and it is not a language. 3. What is the difference between â€Å"speak a grammar† and â€Å"speak a language†? Speak a language means to speak a language that make other people understand; that is, it refers to when people in the society speak language of the society (E-language), which they use it as mean of communication. However, â€Å"speak grammar† refers to when an individual speak his or her own language sticking deep inside their mind or brain, and cannot be understood by others. This language is not for society, but for individual only. 4. Assure (1969) make an analogy as saying When orchestra plays a symphony, the symphony exists externally to the way in which it is performed: that existence is comparable to langue in language study. The actual performance, which may contain idiosyncrasies or errors, is to be comparable to parole. ‘ Use this analogy to explain what E-language and I-language are. This means that E-language is the same as langue, which refers to the language that is externally used in the society and it is accepted as the language of the society, which people use it as the mean of contract and communication. However, I-language s equalized to parole referring to the language existing only in the individual, and usually it is not understood by others and considered as the error of language for people in the society. 5. Language is a set of choice and a set of contrast, yet why cant we always choose to organize the word in utterances in our preferred way? Even though language is a set of choice and contrast, we cannot Just organize language as we want because our own organization of language can become l- language which is not understood by others. This is because I-language is the language for individual only, and only the speaker can understand it. Chapter 2: Components of Language Phonology is the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language. Phonology is concerned with the abstract or mental aspect of the sounds in language rather than with the actual physical articulation of speech sounds. Phonology is concerned with the abstract set of sounds in a language that allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we hear and say. Phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words or each one of these meaning-distinguishing sounds in a language. /p/, lb/ are homes of English. O Phoneme has contrastive property. If we substitute one sound for another in a word and there is a change of meaning, then the two sounds represent different phonemes. O English is often considered to have 44 phonemes: 24 consonants and 20 vowels. Phone is the different versions of the phoneme regularly produced in actual speech ( in the mouth). Allophone is a group of several phones, all of which are versions of one phoneme. For example, the [t] sound in the word tar is normally pronounced with a stronger puff of air (aspirated) than is present in the [t] sound in the word star. Minimal pair is when two words in a language which differ from each other by only one distinctive sound (one phoneme), occurring in the same position, and which also differ in meaning. For example, fan-van, bet-bat, site-side, put-shut are some examples of minimal pairs. The Sound Patterns of Language Minimal set is when a group of words can be differentiated, each one from the others, by changing one phoneme (always in the same position in the word). For example, bet-set-vet-get-let and big-pig-rig-fig-wig are examples of minimal set. Phonetics’s is the arrangements of the distinctive sound units (phonemes) in a language. For example, in English, the consonant groups /SSP/ and /star/ can occur at the beginning of a word, as in sprout, strain, but they cannot occur at the end of a word. Syllable is a unit in speech which is often longer than one sound and smaller than a whole word. For example, the word terminology consists of five syllables: term-mi-no-lo- gay. O A syllable contains onset (consonant(s)) and rhyme which has two parts nucleus (vowel) and coda (consonant(s)). The basic structure of the kind of syllable found in English words can be C.V. (green), PVC (eggs), C.V. (them), etc. Consonant cluster is a sequence of two or more consonants. Consonants clusters may occur at the beginning of a word (an initial cluster), at the end of a word (a final cluster) or within a word (a medial cluster). Co-articulation is the process of making one sound almost at the same time as the next sound. Circulation has two well-known effects: assimilation and elision. O Assimilation occurs when a speech sound changes, and becomes more like another sound which follows or precedes it, or when two sound segments occur in sequence and some aspect of one segment is taken or copied by the other. O Elision is the leaving out of a sound or sounds in speech. O Everyone†s normal beech entails assimilation and elision which should be regarded as some type of sloppiness or laziness. The point of investigating these phonological processes is not to arrive at a set of rules about how a language should be pronounced, but to try to come to an understanding of the regularities and patterns which underlies the actual use of sounds in language. Words and Word-formation Process -Etymology: the study of the origin and history of a word -Coinage: the invention of totally new terms (Ex: aspirin, nylon, Baseline) -Borrowing: words that is borrowed from other languages (Ex: Piano(lately), Sofa(Arabic), Yogurt(Turkish)) -Compounding: two separate words are Joint together (bookcase, doorknob, fingerprint, textbook) -Blending: combination of 2 separate forms to produce a single new term. Ex: motel (motor/hotel), smog (smoke/haze) -Clipping: reduction of words more than one syllable to a shorter form. Ex: condo (condominium), bra (brassiere), ad (advertisement) -Facilitation: reduction of words which also change the function, usually from noun to verb. Ex: emote (from Emotion), donate (from Donation), babysat (from Babysitter) -Conversion: a change in the function of a word, esp. noun becomes verb without any deduction. Ex: Someone has to chair the meeting. Or We bottled the homebred – Acronyms: new words that are formed from initial letters of a set of other words. Ex: CD (compact disk), VS. (video cassette recorder), ATM (automatic teller machine), PIN (personal identification number) -Derivation: the affixes (prefix suffix) added to the beginning or the end of a word. Ex: unhappy, misrepresent, Joyful, careless Morphology: the study of forms Morphology Morpheme: a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. Lexical Free functional Morpheme derivation bound inflectional Free morpheme: morpheme that can stand by themselves as single word. – Lexical morpheme: set of ordinary nouns, adjectives and verbs. For example: Car, red, drive. – Functional morpheme: functional words in the language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronoun. For expo: and, but, when, because, on, near, above, in the, them. Bound morpheme: morpheme that cannot stand alone and must attached to another forms. – Derivation morpheme: the affixes that make words into a different grammatical category from stem. For expo: -full, -less, re-, UN- Inflectional morpheme: set of bound morphemes to indicate aspects of the aromatically function of a word. 2 inflections attached to nouns, -g’s (possessive) and -s (plural). 4 inflections attached to verbs, -s (3rd person singular), -inning (present participle), -De (past tense) and -en (past participle). Inflections attached to adjectives: -est. (superlative) and -re (comparative). Lymphoma: the group or set of different morphs, all versions of one morpheme OR any of the different forms of a morpheme. For example: -s, -sees, 0 (zero morph). They are all lymphomas of the plural morpheme. Grammar Traditional grammar: a grammar which is usually based on earlier grammar of Latin r Greek and applied to the analysis of newer† languages such as English. Ag reement: In English sentence, agreement is based on the category of number, whether the noun is singular or plural. It is also based on the category of person, that is, first person (involving the speaker), second person (involving the hearer) and third person (involving any others). The form the verb must also be described in terms of tense. The final category is gender. Gender vs. Grammatical gender: Gender† refers to the natural gender or biological gender, that is, male or female and what words agree with it. She, her) refer to female entities, whereas (he, his) refer to male entities. Grammatical Gender† refers to the types of nouns which is considered masculine and feminine. For example, in Spanish there are article to call a noun in feminine (la) or masculine (la) such el sol ( the sun), la ulna (the moon). It does not imply that the moon†s sex is female or the sun†s male. The grammar simply states this way to use article with different noun. The prescriptive approach: Grammarian in the eighteen century in English create rule for the proper use of English. For example: You must not split an infinitive. You must not end a sentence with a preposition. Therefore, traditional teacher would correct sentences like: Who did you go with? O With whom did you go? However, we should be skeptical of the origin of some of these rules and asking whether they are appropriately applied to the English language. Let†s study this traditional rule Mimi must not split an infinitive†. The book elaborates by using Captain Kirk†s infinitive. To boldly go, to solemnly swear, according to Traditional grammar, is inappropriate. To go boldly, boldly t o go should be the appropriate form. In Latin grammar, it is clear that infinitive cannot be separated from a word because Latin infinitives are single words. However, it is not appropriate to carry this idea over to English where the infinitive form does not consist of a single form, but of two words, to and go. The descriptive approach Analysts collected samples of the language they were interested in and attempted to describe the regular structure of the language as it was used, not according to some view of how it should be used. This is called the descriptive approach. Structural Analysis Structural analysis† main concern is to investigate the distribution of forms in a engage. The method involves The makes a lot of noise. I heard yesterday. The use of test-frame† that can be sentences with empty slots in them. For example: By developing a set of test-frames of this type and discovering which forms fit the slots in the test-frame, we can produce a description of some aspects of the sentence structures of a language. Immediate Constituent Analysis: is designed to show how small constituents (or components) in sentences go together to form larger constituents. One basic step is determining how words go together to form phrases. How to cite Applied Linguistics, Papers Applied Linguistics Free Essays string(93) " are systematically in order that makes us understand what the intention of the sentence is\." Language can be viewed as a social fact, as a psychological state (mental dictionary), as a set of structures (a grammatical system: a system to what orders the words have to come in if they are to make sense), or as a collection of outputs (utterances/ sentences: spoken or written). Language can be viewed as a set of choices (different ways of saying a sentence), a set of contrasts (an inversion of sentences). Idiolect (I-language: language of the individual): the language system of an individual as expressed by the way he or she speaks or writes within the overall system of a reticular language. We will write a custom essay sample on Applied Linguistics or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a broader sense, someone†s idiolect includes their way of communicating; for example, their choice of utterances and the way they interpret the utterances made by others. In a narrower sense, an idiolect might entail features, either in speech or writing, which distinguish one individual from others, such as o voice quality ( the overall impression that a listener obtains of a speaker†s voice or characteristics of a particular voice that enable the listener to distinguish one voice from another, such as when a person is able to identify a telephone caller) o pitch when we listen to people speaking, we can hear some sounds or groups of sounds in their speech to be relatively higher or lower than others) o speech rhythm (rhythm in speech is created by the contracting or relaxing of chest muscles). Many linguists prefer to use the term IDIOLECT for the language of an individual. So you do not speak English, you speak your idiolect. That seems simple enough until we ask what English† consists of. Presumably it consists of the sum of all the idiolect of people who we agree are speaking English. Do I-language: an approach to language which sees it as an internal property of the unman mind and as not something external or an attempt to construct grammars showing the way human mind structures language and which (universal) principles are involved. E-language: an approach to language which describes the general structures and patterns. E-language= Langue (Assure) = Competence (Chomsky): the system of a language, that is the arrangement of sounds and words which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge (agree to use). Langue is the ideal form of a language. Parole (Assure): the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Competence: a person†s internalized grammar of a language. This means a person†s ability to create and understand sentences, including sentences they have never heard before. It also includes a person†s knowledge of what are and what are not sentences of a particular language. For example, a speaker of English would recognize I want to go home as an English sentence but would not accept a sentence such as I want going home even though all the words in it are English words. Competence often refers to the ideal speaker/hearer, that is an idealized but a not real person who would have a complete knowledge of the whole language. Performance: a person†s actual use of language. A difference is made between a person†s knowledge of the language (competence) and how a person uses this knowledge in producing and understanding sentences (performance). The difference between linguistic competence and linguistic performance can be seen, for example, in the production of long and complex sentences. People may have the competence to produce an infinitely long sentence but when they actually attempt to use this knowledge (=perform) there are many reasons why they restrict the number of adjectives, adverbs, and clauses in any one sentence. They may run out of breath, or their sterner may get bored or forget what has been said if the sentence is too long. In using language, people make errors or false starts. These may be due to performance factors such as fatigue, lack of attention, excitement, nervousness. Their actual use of language on a particular occasion may not reflect their competence. The errors they make are described as examples of performance. Keywords Language: the system of human communication which consists of the structured arrangement of sounds or written representation into larger unit e. G. Orpheus, word, sentence, utterance. A social fact, a kind of social contract, or a set of structure r as a collection of output. Idiolect: langue for specific group of people or language for individual; only the speaker of this language can understand. Utterance: a unit of analysis in speech which has been defined in various way but commonly as a sequence of words within a single person’s turn at talk that fall under a single intonation contour. Universal grammar: a thorny which claims to account for grammatical competence of every adult no matter what language he or she speaks. Langue: part of language which is not complete in any individual, but exists only in the collectivity. Parole: language that is used individually. (I-language) E-language: is the â€Å"external† manifestation of the â€Å"internally’ (mentally) represented grammar of many individual. It is appropriate for social, political, mathematical and logical statement. I-language: language viewed as internal property of human mind or a computational system in human brain. Answer Sq 1 . The author says, â€Å"A language is a social fact, a kind of social contract. † What does this mean? This means that language is the mean of communication which not only an individual but also all people in the community accept and understand it as a hole. People use language as a contract for their daily life, since language is a social fact that people use to understand each other and purposely set up the proof of their will or promise. 2. What do you understand from the examples that follow? A. Kim kissed crocodile. B. The crocodile kissed Kim. C. Kissed crocodile Kim the. Sentence A and B are understandable; that is, we can say that they are language which is seen as a set of choice and a set of contrast. A set of choice or contrast means that a group of word are systematically in order that makes us understand what the intention of the sentence is. You read "Applied Linguistics" in category "Papers" However, sentence C does not make sense at all, and it is not a language. 3. What is the difference between â€Å"speak a grammar† and â€Å"speak a language†? Speak a language means to speak a language that make other people understand; that is, it refers to when people in the society speak language of the society (E-language), which they use it as mean of communication. However, â€Å"speak grammar† refers to when an individual speak his or her own language sticking deep inside their mind or brain, and cannot be understood by others. This language is not for society, but for individual only. 4. Assure (1969) make an analogy as saying When orchestra plays a symphony, the symphony exists externally to the way in which it is performed: that existence is comparable to langue in language study. The actual performance, which may contain idiosyncrasies or errors, is to be comparable to parole. ‘ Use this analogy to explain what E-language and I-language are. This means that E-language is the same as langue, which refers to the language that is externally used in the society and it is accepted as the language of the society, which people use it as the mean of contract and communication. However, I-language s equalized to parole referring to the language existing only in the individual, and usually it is not understood by others and considered as the error of language for people in the society. 5. Language is a set of choice and a set of contrast, yet why cant we always choose to organize the word in utterances in our preferred way? Even though language is a set of choice and contrast, we cannot Just organize language as we want because our own organization of language can become l- language which is not understood by others. This is because I-language is the language for individual only, and only the speaker can understand it. Chapter 2: Components of Language Phonology is the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language. Phonology is concerned with the abstract or mental aspect of the sounds in language rather than with the actual physical articulation of speech sounds. Phonology is concerned with the abstract set of sounds in a language that allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we hear and say. Phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words or each one of these meaning-distinguishing sounds in a language. /p/, lb/ are homes of English. O Phoneme has contrastive property. If we substitute one sound for another in a word and there is a change of meaning, then the two sounds represent different phonemes. O English is often considered to have 44 phonemes: 24 consonants and 20 vowels. Phone is the different versions of the phoneme regularly produced in actual speech ( in the mouth). Allophone is a group of several phones, all of which are versions of one phoneme. For example, the [t] sound in the word tar is normally pronounced with a stronger puff of air (aspirated) than is present in the [t] sound in the word star. Minimal pair is when two words in a language which differ from each other by only one distinctive sound (one phoneme), occurring in the same position, and which also differ in meaning. For example, fan-van, bet-bat, site-side, put-shut are some examples of minimal pairs. The Sound Patterns of Language Minimal set is when a group of words can be differentiated, each one from the others, by changing one phoneme (always in the same position in the word). For example, bet-set-vet-get-let and big-pig-rig-fig-wig are examples of minimal set. Phonetics’s is the arrangements of the distinctive sound units (phonemes) in a language. For example, in English, the consonant groups /SSP/ and /star/ can occur at the beginning of a word, as in sprout, strain, but they cannot occur at the end of a word. Syllable is a unit in speech which is often longer than one sound and smaller than a whole word. For example, the word terminology consists of five syllables: term-mi-no-lo- gay. O A syllable contains onset (consonant(s)) and rhyme which has two parts nucleus (vowel) and coda (consonant(s)). The basic structure of the kind of syllable found in English words can be C.V. (green), PVC (eggs), C.V. (them), etc. Consonant cluster is a sequence of two or more consonants. Consonants clusters may occur at the beginning of a word (an initial cluster), at the end of a word (a final cluster) or within a word (a medial cluster). Co-articulation is the process of making one sound almost at the same time as the next sound. Circulation has two well-known effects: assimilation and elision. O Assimilation occurs when a speech sound changes, and becomes more like another sound which follows or precedes it, or when two sound segments occur in sequence and some aspect of one segment is taken or copied by the other. O Elision is the leaving out of a sound or sounds in speech. O Everyone†s normal beech entails assimilation and elision which should be regarded as some type of sloppiness or laziness. The point of investigating these phonological processes is not to arrive at a set of rules about how a language should be pronounced, but to try to come to an understanding of the regularities and patterns which underlies the actual use of sounds in language. Words and Word-formation Process -Etymology: the study of the origin and history of a word -Coinage: the invention of totally new terms (Ex: aspirin, nylon, Baseline) -Borrowing: words that is borrowed from other languages (Ex: Piano(lately), Sofa(Arabic), Yogurt(Turkish)) -Compounding: two separate words are Joint together (bookcase, doorknob, fingerprint, textbook) -Blending: combination of 2 separate forms to produce a single new term. Ex: motel (motor/hotel), smog (smoke/haze) -Clipping: reduction of words more than one syllable to a shorter form. Ex: condo (condominium), bra (brassiere), ad (advertisement) -Facilitation: reduction of words which also change the function, usually from noun to verb. Ex: emote (from Emotion), donate (from Donation), babysat (from Babysitter) -Conversion: a change in the function of a word, esp. noun becomes verb without any deduction. Ex: Someone has to chair the meeting. Or We bottled the homebred – Acronyms: new words that are formed from initial letters of a set of other words. Ex: CD (compact disk), VS. (video cassette recorder), ATM (automatic teller machine), PIN (personal identification number) -Derivation: the affixes (prefix suffix) added to the beginning or the end of a word. Ex: unhappy, misrepresent, Joyful, careless Morphology: the study of forms Morphology Morpheme: a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. Lexical Free functional Morpheme derivation bound inflectional Free morpheme: morpheme that can stand by themselves as single word. – Lexical morpheme: set of ordinary nouns, adjectives and verbs. For example: Car, red, drive. – Functional morpheme: functional words in the language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronoun. For expo: and, but, when, because, on, near, above, in the, them. Bound morpheme: morpheme that cannot stand alone and must attached to another forms. – Derivation morpheme: the affixes that make words into a different grammatical category from stem. For expo: -full, -less, re-, UN- Inflectional morpheme: set of bound morphemes to indicate aspects of the aromatically function of a word. 2 inflections attached to nouns, -g’s (possessive) and -s (plural). 4 inflections attached to verbs, -s (3rd person singular), -inning (present participle), -De (past tense) and -en (past participle). Inflections attached to adjectives: -est. (superlative) and -re (comparative). Lymphoma: the group or set of different morphs, all versions of one morpheme OR any of the different forms of a morpheme. For example: -s, -sees, 0 (zero morph). They are all lymphomas of the plural morpheme. Grammar Traditional grammar: a grammar which is usually based on earlier grammar of Latin r Greek and applied to the analysis of newer† languages such as English. Ag reement: In English sentence, agreement is based on the category of number, whether the noun is singular or plural. It is also based on the category of person, that is, first person (involving the speaker), second person (involving the hearer) and third person (involving any others). The form the verb must also be described in terms of tense. The final category is gender. Gender vs. Grammatical gender: Gender† refers to the natural gender or biological gender, that is, male or female and what words agree with it. She, her) refer to female entities, whereas (he, his) refer to male entities. Grammatical Gender† refers to the types of nouns which is considered masculine and feminine. For example, in Spanish there are article to call a noun in feminine (la) or masculine (la) such el sol ( the sun), la ulna (the moon). It does not imply that the moon†s sex is female or the sun†s male. The grammar simply states this way to use article with different noun. The prescriptive approach: Grammarian in the eighteen century in English create rule for the proper use of English. For example: You must not split an infinitive. You must not end a sentence with a preposition. Therefore, traditional teacher would correct sentences like: Who did you go with? O With whom did you go? However, we should be skeptical of the origin of some of these rules and asking whether they are appropriately applied to the English language. Let†s study this traditional rule Mimi must not split an infinitive†. The book elaborates by using Captain Kirk†s infinitive. To boldly go, to solemnly swear, according to Traditional grammar, is inappropriate. To go boldly, boldly t o go should be the appropriate form. In Latin grammar, it is clear that infinitive cannot be separated from a word because Latin infinitives are single words. However, it is not appropriate to carry this idea over to English where the infinitive form does not consist of a single form, but of two words, to and go. The descriptive approach Analysts collected samples of the language they were interested in and attempted to describe the regular structure of the language as it was used, not according to some view of how it should be used. This is called the descriptive approach. Structural Analysis Structural analysis† main concern is to investigate the distribution of forms in a engage. The method involves The makes a lot of noise. I heard yesterday. The use of test-frame† that can be sentences with empty slots in them. For example: By developing a set of test-frames of this type and discovering which forms fit the slots in the test-frame, we can produce a description of some aspects of the sentence structures of a language. Immediate Constituent Analysis: is designed to show how small constituents (or components) in sentences go together to form larger constituents. One basic step is determining how words go together to form phrases. How to cite Applied Linguistics, Papers

Investigating radioactive decay using coins Essay Example

Investigating radioactive decay using coins Essay Research question: Does our radioactive modeling with coins illustrate radioactive decay? Hypothesis: I believe that it is possible to illustrate radioactive decay by trying to model it using coins. Radioactive decay is a random process and is not affected by external conditions. This means that there is no way of knowing whether or not a nucleus is going to decay within a certain period of time. However, due to the large numbers of atoms involved we can make some accurate predictions. For example, if we start with a given number of atoms then we can expect a certain number to decay in the next minute. If there were more atoms in the sample, we would expect the number decaying to be larger. As a result the rate of decay of a sample is directly proportional to the number of atoms in the sample. This proportionality means that radioactive decay is an exponential process. As a result, I believe that we can model radioactive decay using coins because by chance we should get half of the coins left each time which is exactly what half-life is. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating radioactive decay using coins specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating radioactive decay using coins specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating radioactive decay using coins specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Variables: Independent variable: I am not sure about this one because I dont really think there is an independent variable in this investigation because we arent changing anything other than the number of parent coins every time we throw them. Dependant variable: Similarly, there is no real dependant variable due to the fact that there is no independent variable. Controlled Variables: Despite the fact that we cannot really identify any independent and dependant variables there are several variables that we should control. First of all, the drop height must be kept the same in all experiments and this can be done by using a rule to measure the height each time. Also the type of coins and the surface which the coins hit must be kept the same. Method of experiment: 1. Find a place where there is plenty of area so that the coins can bounce off freely. (Remember the surface must be kept the same). 2. Drop the 32 coins of the one type (lets call them parent coins) on a flat surface. 3. Count and remove all of the parent coins which are head-side up- these have decayed, 4. Replace the head-side up coins with the same number of the other type of coin ( lets call them the daughter coins) you are using. 5. Record the number of parent and daughter coins you have onto a chart and repeat the process until no parent coin is left. Method of Collecting Data: 1. In order to get accurate results do your experiment about three times and then do an average. Data Collection and Processing Data collection: Tables showing the number of parent and daughter coins at each step (Trial 1) Data presentation: Now in order to answer my research question it is vital that we draw a graph because if the graph illustrates an exponential decay curve then it would support my theory that you can in fact model radioactive decay but if it doesnt illustrate an exponential curve then it wouldnt support my theory. Conclusion and Evaluation Conclusion: In essence, the results support my theory that it is possible to model radioactive decay using coins. From the first graph we can clearly see that we have an exponential graph which is what radioactive decay is due to the fact that the rate of decay of a sample is directly proportional to the number of atoms in the sample. The other graph serves to illustrate that as the decay of the radioactive parent nuclei occurs, there is an increase in the stable daughter nuclei. Speaking about errors in this modeling exercise is very hard because this isnt really an experiment. All we are really doing is throwing coins onto a flat surface and looking at the outcome i. e. the number of head-side up parent coins. Systematic errors couldnt have occurred because we arent using any instruments to measure anything. The only random error that could have occurred would be us missing one of the head-side up coins and not removing it when we had to. Evaluation: Again because this isnt an experiment in which we have a definite independent variable and a dependant variable, there are no real weaknesses or limitations that occurred. The only weakness I can think of is that this modeling exercise relies a lot on chance. In other words, it just might have been so that not approximately half of the coins were taken of each time. It would have been a total mess if for example the first few tries only 1 coin is head-side up and then after lets say the 5th try all of them come up as head-side up. That would totally mess all the results and wouldnt support the theory of radioactivity. Other than that I cannot think of any weaknesses. Improvements: Thinking of realistic improvement for this modeling exercise isnt possible because it is a modeling exercise and not an experiment. However, it never hurts to take more trial perhaps- 10 trials and then taking averages. This would give more accurate results but then again because this experiment relies too much on chance, doing 10 trials might make the results even worse. Another improvement can be is to use much more coins, for example a hundred coins. This gives a greater possibility to monitor radioactive decay. I am sorry that I couldnt do all experiments but as you know we- the chemists- also had to do chemistry investigations and therefore we didnt have enough time to do all the experiments.

The Story of Two Knights essays

The Story of Two Knights essays There once were two very strong knights. They were the best two knights the world has ever seen. They were also best of friends and when together, nothing could stand in their way. One of them was named Bob. Bob was a great knight. He feared nothing. His fighting techniques and sword wielding is truly amazing. He once took on an army of 100 men with just one hand. Many of the lower-class knights looked up to Bob, mainly because he was the leader, but mostly because of his incredible bravery. But there was one thing that troubled Bob, and that was the death of his beloved wife, Mary. She died from an evil witch that poisoned her in her sleep. People say they saw the witch go inside their house but when Bob arrived there he was too late. Now Bob wants to avenge his wife by doing whatever it takes. The other knight was named Jack; Jack was also a great knight. He saved a whole village from intruders by himself with only a frying pan. Jack was exactly very much like Bob. He also feared nothing and let nothing get in his way. But Jack was a little different from Bob. He was shy and he really loved beautiful women. As famous as he was around the village and castle, he just couldnt find a way talk to beautiful women. It is a hot sunny and peaceful afternoon. Bob and Jack were doing their usual training at the barracks with the other knights. Then all of a sudden Jack sees the king running towards them. The king comes in and calls for Bob and Jack. He said something terrible has happened and he needs their help. It appears that the Princess Elizabeth has been kidnapped. Jack knew the princess really well and was outraged when he heard what happened. So Bob and Jack gathered up all their weapons and went on a journey to find the princess. After asking around town about the whereabouts of Princess Elizabeth, both of them finally found where she was located. It appears that she is in some house in the middle of the forest. ...

Essay What Causes Love at First Sight

Essay What Causes Love at First Sight Essay: What Causes Love at First Sight? The concept of love at first sight is one that continues to be a debatable topic, because of the many controversial issues about love in the present day. A good source of primary information on factors that cause someone to fall in love at first sight is those who profess to have fallen in love with their significant other upon meeting them for the first time. One of the issues these individuals may state is when they first came into their significant others presence, they felt a tingling effect all over their bodies that made them excited to be at the same place as the person they were attracted to and had fallen in love with. The difference with the excitement of falling in love at first sight is that the sensation is stronger than they had experienced before, when they were infatuated with another individual. The whole feeling of falling in love is highly emotional, because couples that have reported falling in love report having a strong emotional connection with their significant other. These couples also report getting to know more about the person they fell in love with in a shorter amount of time than when they got to know their other friends. Falling in love makes people want to know more about a significant other than those who they have spent a very long time knowing. One other interesting thing about falling in love at first sight is the feeling that one gets makes him or her want to profess their love to that individual the very first time they meet. The unwritten rule of love emphasizes that one should profess one’s loves to the other individual after a couple of dates, as well as after both parties feel they have known the other individual enough to be very comfortable around one another. Love at first sight; however, makes one feel like saying he or she loves the other individual even before really getting to know the other individual. When one falls in love at first sight, one gets preoccupied with the other individual just hours after meeting the individual and always wants to spend a significant amount of time with that individual. One may also feel like telling the other individual everything about themselves. When one falls in love with another individual, the relationship with the other individual seems very easy to pursue and one finds it very easy to put up with the individual’s weaknesses. Those who fall in love quickly usually state they get worried or are deeply concerned about their significant other shortly after they have met that individual for the first time. At you can have a great opportunity to fill in the order form and to get a custom essay written from scratch!

Partitioned views Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Partitioned views - Research Paper Example The tables that take part in the partitioned view have either the same or extremely alike structures as far as the names of the column, the types of data, the precision and scale are concerned. These needs to be similar if one wishes to have a read-only view or they must be the same if one wishes to allow updates in the course of the view (Views- Partitioned, 2012). In this organization, each of the servers that take part in the partitioned view are required to be linked as servers on the servers present locally where the view is identified. Portions of the entire set of data are contained in the tables on each of the servers. Thus a table can be split horizontally through the use of partitioned views enabling the achievement of the most advantageous performance. Partitioning column is referred to the column that performs the task of splitting the larger table into the smaller ones. The partitioned views are put into practice all the way through remote that is distributed queries (Views- Partitioned, 2012). â€Å"Partitioning  enables you to decompose very large tables and indexes into smaller and more manageable pieces called  partitions. Each partition is an independent object with its own name and optionally its own storage characteristics† (Partitions, Views, and Other Schema Objects, 2011). With the use of a partitioned view, partitioned data that are arranged horizontally are joined from a set of member tables transversely one or more servers, making it appear as if the data comes from a single table.  Federation of database servers, referring to the group of servers controlled autonomously, is capable of being implemented through the use of distributed partitioned views (Creating a Partitioned View, 2012). The advantages of partitioned views can be understood as follows (Partitioned Tables and Indexes, 2002): Data management operations are enabled through partitioned views. These include data loads, index creation and rebuilding. This also