Biology introduction assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology introduction assignment - Research Paper Example These species are found in Ontario, Canada. Under the Species at Risk Legislation of Ontario, the Northern map and the Snapping turtles are species of Special Concern while the Blanding’s and the Musk turtles are threatened. The greatest risk for these species is being run over on roads and highways. Typically, turtles look for loose, sandy soils to lay their eggs in. But because exposed soil may be difficult to find in natural habitats, turtles are attracted to the artificially-created potential nesting sites such as shoulders of roads, railroad embankments, gravel drives and earthen dams. While they get to and from such locations, the turtles become vulnerable to both vehicular traffic and predators. Genomes evolve as a result of continuous accumulation of mutations. This means that the amount of variation in nucleotide sequences in genomes indicates how recently those genomes have shared a common ancestor. If two genomes have diverged recently in the past, it is expected that they would have much fewer differences in their nucleotide sequences than two genomes whose mutual ancestor is more ancient (Tanaka & Aranishi 2013). Thus, by comparing several genomes, it is possible to figure out their evolutionary relationships. In most of the studies that use molecular markers, the predominant classes are mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA has an important advantage in all phylogenetic research because it is inherited from the maternal line (Chung 2013). This fact facilitates the monitoring of its transmission along the different phases, starting in the early evolution. Another advantage is that Mitochondrial DNA has a high level of variability and a hi gh rate of mutation, compared with the nuclear DNA ( Rubinoff and Holland 2005), in spite of the fact that it does not encode the information for the synthesis of many proteins. This fact makes it ideal for the

Using Calculus in curves for bridges, tunnels, and more (engineering) Research Paper

Using Calculus in curves for bridges, tunnels, and more (engineering) - Research Paper Example examine the role of calculus in physics at large and specifically determination of the use of calculus in the development of bridges, tunnels as well as curves. There is high level of integration of calculus within the entire discipline of physical sciences. (Charles, R. I. 2005)This can be found in both physics as a physical science and biology as a physical science. One can also be able to find calculus in statistics and all the disciplines that relate to it, engineering and its entire spectrum, in economics, business as well as in medicine. Other areas that has witnessed the exploitation of the use of calculus include modern development. By modern development, it is important to appreciate that areas such as architecture rely extensively in the use of calculus. Another are of modern development is the field of aviation. In this area, calculus are used extensively as this paper will try to reveal in the subsequent pages. From this end, the study shall examine specific areas and also try to elaborate the importance of the use of calculus in those particular areas. The first most important area where calculus has been extensively used is â€Å"finding the slope of a curve†. There is a generalized method that can always be used to find a slope of a curve. Usually, this require particular formula of operation. Calculus can always provide a tried and tested formula for this with almost absolute accuracy. The nature of the slope is that it is always fairly elementary. By the use of some algebraic formulas, this can always be determined without any problem. To find the steepness of such a slope, there is a need to utilize calculus in determining such slope. Finding the steepness of a slope can be important in a lot more areas of the study. For example, in civil engineering, construction of roads and bridges will rely on the ability of the engineers to calculate the steepness of a given place. This would enable them determine what actions need to be taken on

The Value Of Marks And Spencers

The Value Of Marks And Spencers Marks and Spencer the giant in UKs high street history started its journey in 1884 which leads the retailers in Uk who has the number of visiting customers over 21 million per week with over 70,000 employees working in around 900 stores all over the world with 600 stores in uk and above 300 in over 40 countries ( Marks and Spencer , 2010) since the origination of marks and spencers had grown as a global retailer and increased its strength to strength by increasing the stores all over , and getting closer to the customers , since 1920, Marks and Spencers has bought its goods directly through the manufacturer using the trademark name as StMichael and became a public company in 1926 with its first store opening in 1930 in London , from then the organisation has grown step by step fulfilling the needs of public, From then MS has become the Brittans leading organisation providing wide range of products and services to the customers worldwide. Marks Spencers has wide range of products li ke clothing,footwear,gifts,bakery,houseappliances,electricals etc.Where 17% of the clothing market in Uk is in hold of Marks and Spencers .Softgoods such as clothing and household appliances account about 58% of the companys sales and almost 42% of the sales come from Food and Wine .The reputation of marks and spencers increased day by day due to its customer friendly techniques.The goods that are sold by marks spencers have excellent value and quality which increased the reputation and brand value which made Marks and Spencers as the best retailer in Uk. The headoffice of Marks and Spencers is located in Paddington station, London, UK. The Marks and Spencers store that is located in Marble Arch, London holds the Guinness record for having the highest revenue per square foot considering any stores all over the world. Britain called as home of shopkeepers and for sure Marks and Spencer can be called as the leader of the shop keepers in UK. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This research is aimed to show how Marks and Spencers could be by 2030, and what are the strategies Marks and Spencers need to follow to attain a sustainable position in the market and the ways it need to save its reputation , and the role of Human recourses Management for the sustainable growth . This researchs objective is to interlink the role of HRM and Scenario Planning on Marks and Spencers and show the picture how Marks and Spencers would grow when both scenario planning and HRM work effectively, and even to show the other side of Marks and Spencers by 2030 when the management doesnt have a specific strategy with a normal team of HRM. This research even shows how marks and Spencers can increase its range in different business fields in different countries, and how it can be the leading shopkeeper in the world by 2030. LITERATURE REVIEW: Scenario planning is defined by many authors in different ways, Ringland defined scenario planning as the part of strategy planning that relates to tools and technologies for managing the uncertainties of the future (Ringland, 1998) Scenario planning is defined by Schwartz as tool for ordering ones perceptions about alternative future environments in which ones decision might be played out- (Schwartz,1991). According to shoemaker (1995), scenario planning is a disciplined process for imaging good future in which organisations outcome is calculated. Scenario planning for the years has been proven that the technique to overcome the uncertainties and identifying the critical future and investing the loop holes in the organisation-(Kahane, 1999). The changes in the environment and the financial crisis may lead to degrade the market situation. Fleming believes that this type of situation cannot be overcome easily and the public policy should concentrate on transformation of the political economy- (David Fleming, 2001). According to Deming, a change is necessary when the economy is in a down-hill-slide and he even argued that we can elevate our economy with specialized services and products. This change will require knowledge .in other words, our problem is education and development of a culture that puts value on learning (Deming, 1994). According to Edgar da Cruz Souto Gomes, modern companies pay attention towards their human resources. The one who is able to enable them, coordinate them and take in to their expectations are able to gain market share. According to Thompson the main aim behind PEST analysis is generally economic conditions affect both on cost and demand even they effect on the success and profits-(Thompson, 2002) In an organisation such as Marks and Spencers training for the employees should be carried out in a highly specific way in such a situation the role of HRM is crucial. The designed programmes for the employees should be in such a way that it should satisfy both the organisation and the employees. According to McGhee and Thayer in 1961trainingmust be identified and performing different level of analysis such as organizational, operational and individual analysis. In training needs analysis (TNA) method and technique are often used in the journals by the authors such as Chiu, et al, 1999, Ford, 2002. According to R.R.Yeleti manager in Marks and Spencer the Human Resources was well established and the way it approaches is simple as the role of line manager to customer service assistant is to improve the quality of Marks and Spencer. And for the growth of the organisation Marks and Spencer need to follow SMART. In general SMART is used as the goal setting tool for the organisation. And R.R.Yeleti also discussed about Plan-Do-Review-Revise which is being followed by the organisation. According to him it is a tool that can be used in many ways and in many situations for setting a plan for the implementation of project and process of simplifying the problems. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: 1) What are the scenarios that Marks and Spencer need to follow by 2030 to attain a sustainable position? 2) What is the role of HRM in Marks and Spencer for the growth of the organisation by 2030? SMART: the goal setting tool for Marks and Spencer. Goal setting of Marks and Spencer is achievable only when they had the vision. The research analyses the need for developing its HR team by 2030 and developing some strategies for overcoming the competition which they are facing now and the need for changing its brand value which willt be goals for the organisation. Some areas where Marks and Spencer need to consider before setting the goals FROM THE MARKS AND SPENCER PRESPECTIVE: Explore what you need to set as target through the heart of Marks and Spencer keeping in mind the trusted customer base. How to function the leadership? The line managers and senior managers should have discussions on the needs that they are to be achieved? Need to maintain the database regarding the feedback from the customers and even from the staff regarding the performance measurement. Direct and indirect feedback within Marks and Spencer What is the best way to demonstrate and add value to the organisation? PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS WITHIN MARKS AND SPENCER Considering the past feedback from colleagues and other databases which will give a chance to look the future. Marks and Spencer need to review on own strengths and areas of development. Marks and Spencer need to finalise the results for various questionnaires and what does the results show? What feedback did Marks and Spenser receive from its suppliers regarding its retail business and what are the ways it can develop. PLAN TO ACHIEVE THE TARGETS: Considering the targets and after setting new goals then Marks and Spencer need to put up a plan together by the management. I recommend the following goal setting plans in this research. Make a detailed Plan: For achieving the goal the process should not slip or advance from the time limit. Marks and Spencer should tell its customers only when they are sure that they can help to achieve the goal. Dead Line: Marks and Spenser should have a dead line to track the status for example if they had a goal of opening 100 new stores all over the world they should have a dead line for achieving that, the dead line should particularly specify the year when Marks and Spencer are going to achieve the target so that they will be able to track the path they are in. Visualise the goal: Marks and Spencer should visualise the goal as if they are creating the future history. Marks and Spencer should be able to feel the change they are going to show in the future to the public so that the target can be achieved easily. Marks and Spenser should be able to feel and sense the taste, smell and should be able to experience the outcome. Direct / Indirect support: Marks and Spencer should be able to keep a note of people or groups who could support Marks and Spencer to achieve the goal. What does the supporter need from the organisation to support Marks and Spencer? The supporters might be supporting the organisation directly or indirectly. And the organisation should be able to help the supporters which will indirectly help Marks and Spencer. Overcoming Obstacles: Even they follow the actions according to fixed targets and goals they may have some obstacles such as political and economical issues. To overcome such obstacles Marks and Spencer should be able to face with a never give up attitude which will make the organisations dreams come true PLANS DO REVIEW REVISE IMPROVE (PDRRI): The plan do review revise improve is generally opted by the organisations for the continuous development. Marks and Spencers can use this tool in creating a path to fulfil the goals. Planning a project by Marks and Spencer Reviewing the effectiveness during the implementation and completion Revising the adopted changes Making changes to improve The success of the assigned goal of Marks and Spencer come true only when the staff feel responsible for the implementation with a plan , making use of the direct and indirect help from the stake holders in all stages to improve the quality. PLAN: Marks and Spencers should be clear about the plan DO: Implementing the strategic planning for carrying out the plan REVIEW: Marks and Spencer should be able to draw the conclusion from the implementation of strategic planning IMPROVE: How can Marks and Spencer improve? Improving the assigned plans for the better outcome. A goal without any specific plan just remains as goal .Marks and Spencer has vision , intentions, ideas, dreams which will make the goals come true by 2030 if they are SMART. SMART is in general Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time bound. SPECIFIC: A specific goal has a much difference when compared to a general goal, a general goal for Marks and Spencer would be internalization. A specific goal would be different from internalization and the specific goal would say setting up a team to calculate the business levels in particular countries where the business is planned. MEASURABLE: Marks and Spencer need to concentrate on measuring the progress towards attaining the goal , Marks and Spencer need to measure the progress, whether they are on track, and reaching the target dates, and experience the effort to reach the organisations goal, and asking questions themselves such as how much? How many? ACHIEVABLE: It is important to Marks and Spencer to ensure that the goal they set is achievable not impossible. It would be a wrong assumption if they set a goal to attain profits of 50% in a recession which is impossible .instead they can have achievable goals such as market segmentation expanding the market opening new stores and being a tough competitor to its competitors. REALISTIC: Marks and Spencer should be realistic in the goal they choose and they should be able to represent their goal in highly realistic way that it is achievable and they would be only one who can decide whether the goal they set is high, realistic and achievable. TIME BOUND: Marks and Spencer goals should be grounded within a time frame. With no time frame there is no sense of urgency. If Marks and Spencer has a goal of opening 100 new stores, when do Marks and Spenser want to open new stores by? In next 10 years wont work. But if you have a time frame that is by 2030. Then it is clear that Marks and Spencer set a clear time bound which will start to work on the goal. S W O T ANALYSIS: SWOT analysis shows the internal business in terms of strengths and weakness of an organisation, opportunities and threats of the external business. SWOT analysis is meant to spark the strategic ray and to calculate the facts and figures which help for the strategic planning (Mintzberg 1994).This research shows the SWOT analysis of the Marks and Spencers to analyze the current situation and to implement the strategies to give a tough competition to its competitors by 2030. STRENGTHS: Marks and Spencer has many strengths but this research focuses mainly on the brand value of the organisation and wide range of products and different outlets which help to grow the business and the range it delivered to the public. High recognition of the brand: Marks and Spencers is the giant of the UKs high street is known by everyone in the market for the quality it is providing in the past years. The brand value is high as the customers who go to the high street prefer to go to Marks and Spencers as they can finish the whole shopping in a go. Wide variety of products: Marks and Spencers had a variety of products in every store which helps the customers to choose the best, for example if we take vegetables , Marks and Spencers began to sell the vegetables and fruits over 40 years ago, they started selling fruits and vegetables such as Canary tomatoes , avocados and English apples , carrots . and Marks and spencers always relied on the farmers with good relationship from where they are able to increase the variety of products. Back in 1970s Marks and Spencers persuaded small growers of strawberries to drive their crop straight to local marks and Spencers stores. To find the perfect taste of the customers Marks and Spencers spend more than three years on testing and tasting the strawberries before launching marks and Spencers jubilee Strawberry in summer 2003. At the moment Marks and Spencers has more than 1200 suppliers with over 400 different varieties, as well as 500 different types of pre prepared fruits, vegetables and salads.( Marks and Spencer 2010) Where the other super markets fail to produce wide variety of products , which indirectly helps Marks and Spencers . Large number of stores and outlets: Marks and Spencer the giant in the uks high street history has about 900 stores all over the world with 600 stores in the Uk and above 300 in over 40 countries (Marks and Spencer, 2010). The numbers clearly say that large number of stores and outlets make the business wider and the sales even increase due to the wide range of products that Marks and Spencer has. If the stores and outlets increases the strength of Marks and Spencer goes high day by day, as it can be available to all the commodities of the people for reasonable cost and good quality. Popular designer brands: Marks and Spencer has wide range of brands which really help the organisation. For example mens wear has wide range of brands such as autograph, Bigtall, Blue harbour, Collezione, North coast etc (Marks and Spencer, 2010). Coming to women brands Marks and Spencer has different brands such as Autograph, Classic, Indigo collection, Limited collection, Per Una, Portfolio, etc( marks and Spencer 2010). Due to the wide range of brands the business of the organisation goes strength by strength WEAKNESS: Marks and Spencer even had some weakness as the other organisations had; this research mainly focuses on weaknesses of Marks and Spencer and the strategies the organisation need to follow to overcome the situation. Bad publicity as non trendy store: Marks and Spencer has a draw back in the market as the organisation is out fashioned and non trendy. Even though Marks and Spencer has wide range of products and different brands the general people has a wrong assumption that mens wear and womens wear are only for the aged people not for the teenagers and young people. These wrong assumptions are making the business low. The management should develop new strategies to focus on the sales for the young people. Even the management failed in the past years to attract the new customers, the people who had trust on Marks and Spencer from the past years still shop but the new generations are not at all interested. Some people say that Marks and Spencer is a shop for sixties and seventies but not for twenties and thirties. To overcome this management of Marks and Spencers need to come with a new strategy to attract all the age limits not losing its reputation with the present followers and they even need to develop a strategy to overcome from the bad publicity and to give great competition to its competitors such as Primark, Next, River island, oasis, Oxygen, New look, HM etc. Manual working increases the costs: Marks and Spencers had a backdrop of following old techniques rather than following the new techniques which increase the different aspects such as money, time etc. But in general the big organisations are keeping a focus on the new technologies for the efficiency of the work done. Now a days the organisations are preferring for both mechanized and automated material handling alternatives for various types of logistic operations. Most of these technologies help to increase the productivity in less span of time but the main drawback of Marks and Spencer is not utilising the technology for effective use the manual work increases the cost and reduces the work efficiency it is recommended to Marks and Spencer to use the new techniques instead of increasing the manual hours and manual costs for trading. Its just matter of time and planning to overcome this obstacle. There is no doubt that manual working increases cost. OPPORTUNITIES: INTERNALIZATION-increasing the global presence: Marks and Spencer was stabilized in UK and even it started number of stores all over the world in the 1940s.the company started trading most of its services using St.Michael brands. Using St.Michael brand the company started exported about $1,146,000 worth of merchandise. Marks and Spencers early internalisation was mostly due to domestic factors. After some dramatic changes it is clear that the expansion of the market have to come from the overseas. Labour party members were suggesting nationalising for the leading domestic retailers ( De Nardicole 1998). Internationalization was therefore seen as a tool that diverts everything from the market on the local basis. Due to the export business only few international franchising relationships are made. Importers of the St. Michael brand , who were familiar with the success of the brand in their countries started investing in the business of Marks and Spencer . In the early 90s St Michael fr anchises were operating a good business in 14 different economies. By 1996 Marks and Spencers has 645 outlets worldwide, among these 645 outlets 58% of the shares were in UK, Europe and Canada.(De Nardi-cole 1998) . The picture has changed since then at the moment Marks and Spencer has about 70,000 employees in 900 stores all over the world with above 300 stores worldwide and 600 stores in the UK. Marks and Spencer has above 21 million visiting customers per week (Marks and Spencer, 2010). In general Retailers take relatively less risk to enter the global market, Instead they start exporting and franchising their products globally. Marks and Spencer did the same thing back in 1950s but due to the significant raise in the demand by the consumers marks and Spencer can go ahead by increasing globally as it has significant purchasing power. Marks and Spencer can utilize various types of modes of entry around the world. Marks and Spencer can open its own stores around the world or throug h expanding the business through franchise agreements. Marks and Spencer has its own stores in Canada, France, Belgium, Germany, Hong-Kong, Ireland, Spain and Netherlands. Marks and Spencer have the Franchise agreement with developing countries such as Bermuda, Canary Islands, The Bahamas, The Czech republic and Israel (De Naridi cole , 1998) the company started franchising in the countries who have smaller per capita income . Marks and Spencer started growing in south Asia from 2000 . Marks and Spencer had a franchise deal with a company called planet sport. According to the market basis it started the clothing and bath items only, the franchise owner VP.Sharma said to BBC that most of the goods in India are imported from Europe so The brand name of Marks and Spencer would help the business to grow rapidly. It is a good idea to increase the Franchise as Marks and Spencer has a good reputation all over the world and it origins from the land of costly brands. By taking Planet Sport a s example Marks and Spencers has the chance of growing globally as it is recognised globally, The management need to take necessary steps to increase globally keeping in mind all the factors . The chance of growing increases only when Marks and Spencers is activated globally. A specific strategy need to be implemented by the management for the raise in the branches all over the world which will be a good sign for the organisation. MARKET SEGMENTATION: Market Segmentation is defined as the process of splitting customers in a market into different groups within which customers share similar level of interests in the same or comparable set of needs satisfied by a distinct marketing proposition. Marks and Spencer has the opportunity to increase the technique of market segmentation by increasing its branches all over the places which will increase the business, in general marks and Spencer mainly have the mega stores all over the places but they dint concentrate on splitting the customers according to the area of interest. Sainsbury on other hand divided the customers by opening new stores called Sainsbury Locals which increased the business. In the same way Marks and Spencer has the opportunity by dividing the customers by establishing small shops which will reduce the maintenance cost and increase the profits as the manual power will gradually decrease when compared to mega stores and even the investment on the p ublicity will be less , keeping in mind all the features it has the opportunity of spreading the business by market segmentation. THREATS: Increased competition in all areas of business: Marks and Spencer has the threat of losing its scope in the business due to the competition, the increased competition in the retailer sector is a big worry as the other retail competitors such as Asda, Sainsbury and Tesco are expanding themselves such as Sainsburys local and Tesco Express where as Marks and Spencer is still relaying on the mega stores, if the same thing goes on there is a risk of losing its reputation among the customers so it is recommended to increase the stores where they can increase the profits so the Management need to come with a new scenario to develop the risk management by increasing the stores. Marks and Spencer need to come with a strategy to overcome all the obstacles PEST ANALYSIS: PEST analysis can be defined as the Political, Environmental, Social and Technological analysis that describes the frame work of the macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning components of strategic management(Brenner ,1998). Figure http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-image-pest-analysis-image14771406 SCENARIO PLANNING: As the world progresses further into developing stage, organisations are looking for different types of new techniques which would drive the organisation; uncertainty is becoming a factor to concentrate on for the business leaders. The changes are external to the organisation but to overcome these uncertainties there should be designed solution assuming the future. The well known technique for overcoming uncertainties is strategic planning; the strategy planning alone cannot overcome Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors. Another school of strategy planning has emerged as scenario planning. Rather than predicting the future scenario planning gives the different type of stories that organisation need to follow in the critical situation. It is clear that the participation in scenario planning can have direct impact on business and the decision making techniques are directly related to the business results (Schwartz, 1991). Scenario planning was first developed by RAND corporation in the early 1940s by Kahn and he titled it as Future-now (Kahn, 1940). The intent of this approach was to produce a script which would analyze the future and produce the report regarding the business by the business professionals. Around in 1960s Kahn adopted a name called scenario 1. Lean Economy 2. Political nightmare 3. Marks and Spencer forms as a conglomerate ( low competition and trend changes in the environment) 4. High competition and trend changes 5. Hr to Hr.2 for Marks and Spencer LEAN ECONOMY: Expected global recession to hit UK in 2030 If this situation occurs Marks and Spencers should be Developing the funds necessary to overcome the situation Having a focused team with knowledge on political issues Marks and Spencers should be active politically for best result to know the policies of the government which are going to be affecting the retailers. If the recession by 2030 occurs Marks and Spencers should be able to Compare the market situation and try to be cheaper than its competitors such as Primark, Next, Oasis in the clothing segment and retailers such as Sainsburys, Tesco and Asda etc. UK: 2030, if X party which does not support the retailers is in power and if there is another recession hits UK. The X government does not have any interest to support the retailers. The X party dont have any idea of injecting money into the market even the situation is so tight which will make the situation too worse , Marks and Spencer wont be in a situation to help itself from the crisis even the organisation will find difficult to run the business effectively. Even in this situation Marks and Spencer dont want to lose its reputation in the market by showing the situation to employees and the customers. POLITICAL NIGHTMARE: Uk:2030 expected change in the politicians policies towards the retailers which make the business sink If this change occurs Marks and Spencer need to focus on the political issues Role of HRM should be active in Marks and Spencer to overcome the critical situation Marks and Spencer should be able to Change the policies according to the political issues Marks and Spencer would be comfortable with the situation only when the organisation had a specific planning. MARKS AND SPENCER FORMS AS A CONGLOMERATE (LOW COMPETITION AND TREND CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT) Expected that the situation in the global market changed by 2030 and there is low competition and also trend changes in the environment then Marks and Spencers need to follow different approach to the customers. If the situation goes then Marks and Spencer should focus on how to get closer to the customers and to retain the customers by offering incentives to remain with them. Due to the low competition Marks and Spencer can opt to spend more on Loyalty schemes rather than investing the money on advertising. Marks and Spencer need to look for cost saving techniques and then pass the savings for the lower prices to the customers. Marks and Spencer should merge as a conglomerate because of the potential benefits that might be provided to the organisation. Due to the less flow of the money in the market customers and business people show the value for money Keeping in mind the present situation Marks and Spencer could form as conglomerate will lead the business of Marks and Spencer remain both profitable and efficient. Marks and Spencer should concentrate on buying the shares of the smaller businesses who are facing tougher financial stages due to the present situation, as Marks and Spencers would be capable of investing their business under the franchise would be even helpful as they can expand the business even in tougher situation like this. MARKS AND SPENCER WITH DYNAMIC APPROACH (HIGH COMPETITION AND TREND CHANGES IN A GOOD ECONOMY): If this is the situation by 2030 consumers are with high income and they prefer to have better services rather than a normal service. Marks and Spencer should be in a situation to implement new technology for the fast growing customer needs. Marks and Spencers should be able to research its competitors potential at home and abroad, and it should be able to turn the customers to its side with dynamic approach as there is a chance of high competition and trend changes in a good economy. Marks and Spencers should have the ability to purchase the products due to high demand of products as consumers demand for the innovative technologies. Marks and Spencers is in a situation where there is high competition and tremendous changes in the trend in a good economy by 2030, the organisation should be able to have the purchasing power for the innovative technologies which will help the organisation to attract new customers with high potential so that the sales increase gradually even the competition in the market is high. Marks and Spencers should even concentrate on internalization as the economy is expected to be in raise which will increase the consumers needs , Marks and Spencers even need to have a check on its own potential with its competitors due to high competition. HRM SCENARIO: HR to HR 2.0 Expect the need. Strong work force planning must be conducted. Specify the job. Make sure that right job is assigned for the right employee; jobs must be built around the people. Developing the pool Concentrate on choosing the right assessors than concentrating on the assessment technique. Measure the candidates. Receiving the new comer. Helping him to acquire the organisation culture. Examine and review. MS should be able to foresee the need of recruiting the staff for some special occasions like Christmas and New Year. As the flow of customers will be high on these occasions, more employees must be recruited. To control the situations, MS should have a strong work force planning. The right job must be assigned to the right employees to achieve the best outputs. If the HR department fails to assign the right jobs, it will be of no use even if they best employees. The jobs must be built around the employees. It is very much important to develop the pool to easily filter the better workforce. The HR department should concentrate on choosing the best assessors rather than concentrating on the techniques they use to assess the employees. If they can assess the employees, then they

The main differences I am going to look at are the management styles :: Business and Management Studies

The main differences I am going to look at are the management styles related to each of the companies. Introduction This report is looking at the key differences between the two companies that I have been independently researching. The main differences I am going to look at are the management styles related to each of the companies. It also looks at the different structures within the company such as the hierarchy of the company and the range of managers. Ethics is also going to be a key difference between the following companies as they have very separate ideas of what are good/bad behaviors for a business. Both companies are worldwide and well-recognized businesses with thousands of employees and multimillion-dollar profits. Company X In 1975, two teenage friends formed a company. It sold a form of computer language for a self-assembly kit computer based upon Intel processors. The friends were Bill Gates and Paul Allen, they named the company Microsoft. Revenues and profits rose dramatically in the early years. Windows 95 was what really put Microsoft on the map as they started to make billions of dollars in profit each year. Now Microsoft is one of the most profitable companies in the world and Bill Gates is the wealthiest man in the world! Microsoft is now installed in nearly all computers around the world; personally I have never been on a computer that isn’t being run by Windows. That gives you an idea about how big Microsoft really is. Another big issue that concerns Microsoft is the fact that on your average high street there will not be a Microsoft shop. There are not many Microsoft shops in the whole of the U.K. but it is used in nearly every large companies and shops in the world. The Microsoft headquarters are found in the USA but also have separate smaller headquarters around the world. Company Y McDonalds is the world leading food services in the world today; it has 30,000 restaurants in 119 countries and serves 47 million customers each day of the week. It is also one of the most well recognized companies such as Microsoft. It all started in 1955 a good 20 years before the likes of Microsoft. McDonalds is a franchised company meaning a different person owns each restaurant but all have to pay McDonalds main company at one time or another. They’re about 2,800 employees under the McDonalds name. The headquarters for this company is just outside Chicago, in Oak Brook. Each country has its own individual headquarters but all report back to the one in Oak Brook. Even though these two companies seem the same they are very

David Broder †“A Republic Subverted” Essay

The thesis of A Republic Subverted was that the initiative process circumvents constitutional requirements and disrupts the careful poise of checks and balances. The initiative process was originally meant to stop rich people and interest groups from gaining power. Now it is one of their main tools. It has turned the Unites States Government into one without laws and threatens to subvert the American system of government. Broder says that even though the complex procedures invented by the founding father in order to ensure separation of powers have proven themselves over and over again, the American people have become more and more impatient. Some people argue that the constitution is outdated. Also, peoples anger at the government is spurred by journalists reports of scandals in the private lives and many government officials. Also, political campaigns have become competitions where even the winner comes out with a tarnished reputation. Since the Cold War, power has been shifted to the states. Less and less decisions about our lives and character are made in Washington. State governments have grown exponentially. Medicare and social security aside, state governments spend more than the federal government. Only 13% of public employees are in the service of the federal government. States have also become innovators of new legislation, including programs such as welfare to work. Now, people are using the initiative process to easily amend state constitutions in order to achieve a variety of goals. They have raised minimum wage, ended affirmative action, banned billboards, and decriminalized many drugs. State initiatives have allowed people to gain access to medical marijuana, casinos, restricted campaign funds, banned hunting and certain types of abortion, and allowed adopted children to take on the name of their biological parents. Out of 226 initiatives on ballots, 163 were approved. Many issues about new ballparks for major league teams were also put on ballots. Initiatives have become the new way to amend state constitutions without difficulty. In 1999 there was an initiative in California that tried to make all fur shops put warning labels on their items that said many animals were brutally killed in order to make this product. This initiative failed because the fur industry was able to spend more money than the backers of the initiative. These were not republican or federalist decisions. None of these initiatives went through the process of being signed into law by a Congress that ensures  a true republican form of government. These were decisions made by mob rule. The reason the United States was made into a republic and not a democracy was because of the many dangers of a direct democracy. According to Fisher Ames said that a direct democracy would be very burdensome, subject to factions and violence; decisions would often be made by surprise, in the precipitancy of passion. . . . It would be a government not by laws but by men. We view our lawmakers as selfish and corrupt individuals. Instead of trying to rule the country by mob rule through initiatives, we should clean house in Congress. Broder says we should vote out the politicians that arent properly representing us. We should not try to write the laws ourselves. The constitution is clear about direct democracy and it is obvious that the founding father did not want regular citizens writing the laws. We should follow a republican form of government and use our representatives to get what we need done, done. I agree with Broder on most of his points. I think that these initiatives are a form of mob rule and should be prohibited. On the other hand, our political system is incredibly corrupt. It would be nearly impossible to elect a majority of model representatives. There just arent enough people with the ability to run that are, in fact, first-class delegates. It is good that the people have the option to pass initiatives, but the privilege is being abused. It is happening too often and is allowed the American public to be detached from Congress and not be as concerned as they should be about the caliber of its members. If people can pass legislation through initiatives, there interest in other politic will dwindle. Then, when there is a matter of national importance, the Congress will be ill equipped to deal with it. We must try to uphold our republican form of government and try to salvage what we can from our political leaders. The government has not because so bad that we have to tear down the system and start again. If the imitate process is allowed to continue as it is, the destruction of the American system of government will be imminent. Bibliography Woll, Peter. American Government: Readings and Cases. 16th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006.

Black Betty by William Huddie Essay

In 1939 the Musicraft Recording Label released a record which included the track, â€Å"Black Betty† by William Huddie Leadbetter better known as â€Å"Lead Belly. † â€Å"Black Betty† had been said to be originated as far back as the 18th century or the early 1930’s. Lead Belly was the first one to ever commercially record it however, giving him most of the credit for the song. Lead Belly was an iconic American folk and blues musician, notable for his strong vocals, twelve-string guitar, and the songbook of folk standards he introduced. It was recorded acapella with just Lead Belly singing and clapping on the 4th beat in the 12 bar blues style song. The form is kind of AABCDEAA, where each verse begins and ends with â€Å"Whoa, Black Betty (Bam-Ba-Lam). † At the end of each line Lead Belly also repeats the phrase â€Å"Bam-Ba-Lam. † Although this song did gain some popularity in the early 1940’s because of Lead Belly, it really gained the world’s attention in 1977 when a band by the name of Ram Jam recorded it. Ram Jam was an east coast band formed in the mid 70’s. Its members consisted of Bill Bartlett (guitar), Howie Blauvelt (bass), Peter Charles (drums), Myke Scavone (lead vocals, guitar), and Jimmy Santoro (guitar). The song was released on their self-titled debut album Ram Jam in 1977. It reached the #7 position in the UK singles chart in September 1977. The single also reached #18 on the singles chart in the US. The album reached #34 in the Billboard Pop Albums chart in the US. Even though â€Å"Black Betty† shot Ram Jam to stardom overnight, it also brought along much controversy because of its lyrical meanings. Since this song has been said to have been originated back in the 18th century, the lyrics’ meaning has changed numerous amount of times. The origin and meaning of the lyrics are subject to debate. Some sources claim the song is derived from an 18th century marching cadence about a flint-lock rifle with a black head-stock; the â€Å"bam-ba-lam† lyric referring to the sound of the gunfire. Soldiers in the field were said to be â€Å"hugging Black Betty†. In this interpretation, the rifle was superseded by its â€Å"child†, a rifle known as a â€Å"Brown Bess†. Other sources claim the term was a contemporary reference for a prostitute, a prison bullwhip, heroin or the â€Å"paddywagon†. Lead Belly was said to have been incarcerated a number of times so the second meaning rather than the interpretation about the flint lock rifle seems more accurate in his case. A more in depth look at the lyrics could possibly say that the song is about a black woman who lives in Alabama by herself. She was young and made a couple wrong decisions like drinking, drugs, and having a one-night stand with somebody. This caused her to conceive a child that she wasn’t ready for. She wasn’t ready for the responsibilities of being a mother. Her child was out of control because of all the drinking and drugs she had done prior to having it. It was hard to be a single black woman and a mother in the south so the easiest thing she could do was to sell her body as a prostitute. The man in the song talks about how whenever he needs her she will be ready waiting for him. This is the kind of interpretation that gave Ram Jam much criticism and controversy. Members of the NAACP and other groups such as them were very angry saying the song degrades black women. Ram Jam just always said it’s not leaning towards race, it’s basically just having a good time with girl, whether a prostitute or not, and taking drugs such as speed which would go along with the line â€Å"She really gets me high. † Analyzing the musical aspect of the song is much easier than the lyrical because I is pretty straight forward. The poetic devices in this song are kind of repeating because the song isn’t that long. â€Å"Black Betty† has an AA, BB, CC rhyme scheme. The stanza is â€Å"whoa Black Betty (Bam-ba-Lam)† which is repeated 10x’s throughout the song (lines 1, 2, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, & 24). The song is really just three verses so there is a lot of pure instrumental with miniature solos by all the instruments. The instruments used were, 3 guitars, a bass, and drums. The drummer keeps the beat throughout the first 35 seconds of the song with the hi-hat cymbal by hitting on all four beats by itself for the first 10 seconds but for the rest of the 35 seconds the guitars and bass come in to play the bridge. The crash cymbal then comes in with guitars and bass stopping and lyrics are sung and the crash cymbal is hit on beats 2 and 4, the back beat, and the hi-hat now hits on beats 1 and 3. This back beat is used widely through rock, hard rock, and especially by all forms of metal. Although it was used efore this song came out, â€Å"Black Betty† definitely highlighted the use of the backbeat. During this first verse, and the other 2 verses also, it is just the drummer and the singer with the guitars and bass coming in and just playing between every 2nd and 3rd beat. Once the verse is over however the tempo speeds up and the showcase of guitars begins. Once the second verse begins, it goes back to the drums and singer but once this second verse ends, the tempo speeds to double time beginning with a drum solo into guitar solos for a solid 1:35. Once that 2:50 part hits the song takes a turn towards an easy groove feel with the tempo going back to the way it was in the beginning. At 3:05 however the tempos speeds up a little bit and plays the bridge that it had played before the first verse was sung. At 3:30, the third and final verse is sung just like the other two with the drummer playing that same crash cymbal on beats 2 and 4 and the hi-hat on 1 and 3. Once the third verse is done, they play about 10 seconds of an outro and the song is over. Although lyrically the song is pretty simple, I believe if you can perfect a simple song, it will make it great and with the guitar, bass, and drums that Ram Jam had put into this song to accompany the lyrics, it is a great song. You can obviously see that they were influenced by Lead Belly, but also by early rock bands such as Lynyrd Skynyrd, Eagles, Kansas, and ZZ Top because it’s that southern rock sound and feel that those bands made famous. Since Ram Jam released â€Å"Black Betty† it not only put their name on the map but also rocketed that song to tons of movies and TV shows. It will go down as one of the best rock songs of all time.

The eNotes Blog Twenty-Three Takes on RichardIII

Twenty-Three Takes on RichardIII Making the rounds on the Internet recently is this fabulous video by impressionist Jim Meskimen performing Clarences speech from Shakespeares Richard III.   (Meskimen, by the way, is the son of the actress Marion Ross who played Mrs. Cunningham on the classic television show Happy Days) During the 3:46 minute monologue, Meskimen takes on not only the voices but also the personas of twenty-three different celebrities. His ability to transform his face is astonishing. In his repertoire are the seeming-standards of all impressionists: Johnny Carson, Robert de Niro, and Woody Allen, to name a few. However, there are also surprises, like Ricky Gervais, Craig Ferguson, and his nephew, Ron Howard. Here is the monologue from Act 1, Scene 4. Follow along and be amazed! CLARENCE: O, I have passed a miserable night, So full of fearful dreams, of ugly sights, That, as I am a Christian faithful man, I would not spend another such night Though twere to buy a world of happy days So full of dismal terror was the time. Methoughts that I had broken from the Tower And was embarked to cross the Bergundy, And in my company my brother Gloucester, Who from my cabin tempted me to walk Upon the hatches: thence we looked toward England And cited up a thousand heavy times, During the wars of York and Lancaster, That had befalln us. As we paced along Upon the giddy footing of the hatches, Methought that Gloucester stumblà ¨d, and in falling Struck me (that thought to stay him) overboard Into the tumbling billows of the main. O Lord! methought what pain it was to drown! What dreadful noise of waters in mine ears! What sights of ugly death within mine eyes! Methoughts I saw a thousand fearful wracks; A thousand men that fishes gnawed upon; Wedges of gold, great anchors, heaps of pearl, Inestimable stones, unvaluà ¨d jewels, All scattred in the bottom of the sea: Some lay in dead mens skulls, and in the holes Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept (As twere in scorn of eyes) reflecting gems, That wooed the slimy bottom of the deep And mocked the dead bones that lay scattred by. I passed (methought) the melancholy flood, With that sour ferryman which poets write of, Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. The first that there did greet my stranger soul Was my great father-in-law, renownà ¨d Warwick, Who spake aloud, What scourge for perjury Can this dark monarchy afford false Clarence? And so he vanished. Then came wandring by A shadow like an angel, with bright hair Dabbled in blood, and he shrieked aloud, Clarence is come false, fleeting, perjured Clarence, That stabbed me in the field by Tewkesbury: Seize on him, Furies, take him unto torment! With that (methoughts) a legion of foul fiends Environed me, and howlà ¨d in mine ears Such hideous cries that with the very noise I, trembling, waked, and for a season after Could not believe but that I was in hell, Such terrible impression made my dream.

Defining A Regulatory Framework For Financial Reporting Accounting Essay Essay Example

Defining A Regulatory Framework For Financial Reporting Accounting Essay Essay Example Defining A Regulatory Framework For Financial Reporting Accounting Essay Essay Defining A Regulatory Framework For Financial Reporting Accounting Essay Essay The fiscal regulative model in the UK went through important reforms in 1990-91 and has remained stable for 10 old ages thenceforth. Changes are being proposed to the regulative model originating out of three major grounds ( a ) the move by the European Commission towards developing a individual capital market ( B ) the Enron dirt which has stimulated political involvement in the ordinance of accounting and ( degree Celsius ) alterations in UK s domestic Torahs and ordinance ( Fearnley and Hines, 2003 ) . There have been several alterations in the international sphere that have besides necessitated alterations in the fiscal regulative model. Due to globalisation, many UK companies are now geting subordinate companies in other states, which function under different fiscal parametric quantities and there may be a demand to modify the bing regulative and fiscal models ( Haller and Walton, 2003 ) . When different fiscal accounting criterions exist in different states, it may be necessary to harmonise them and this can merely be achieved through alteration of the fiscal regulative webs. In this context, a study published by the Institute of hired comptrollers in Scotland offers the position that the current place in the context of globalisation is such that there is an of all time increasing volume of accounting regulations , which is non sustainable in the long tally ( ICAS, 2006:2 ) . It s merely rules based accounting is likely to be good Domestic jurisprudence and ordinance has changed in different ways. First, the London Stock exchange was one time self regulative but it is no longer the Listing authorization within the U.K. The UKLA ( UK Listing Authority ) which is a portion of the Financial Services Authority ( FSA ) is now the responsible authorization for this intent. Second, professional organic structures which are a portion of the UK Accountancy profession, have set up their ain private regulative model the Accountancy Foundation to supply independent inadvertence of their auditing criterions, ethical criterions and regulative activities, including disciplinary processs. New ordinances have besides been issued in regard of restricting the wage paid to managers and the Companies Act has besides been modified ( Fearnley and Hines, 2003 ) . These alterations in the domestic jurisprudence mean that the model which existed earlier and was mostly self-regulatory may no longer be equal. Bullen and Crook ( 2005 ) have explained why a conceptual model is needed. Both the FSAB and IASB, portion a common end of guaranting that their criterions are rules based , which requires that such criterions must non be a mere aggregation of conventions but must be rooted in cardinal constructs. For case, when the FASB members foremost attempted to put up a regulative model, they experienced considerable trouble in achieving understanding on criterions, which led them to work towards the development of a conceptual model. If such criterions are to bring forth a consistent fiscal coverage system, they must be compiled in such a manner that they constitute a model that is sound and consistent internally. Bullen and Crook ( 2005 ) have besides pointed out differences in constructs and conventions through assets, wherein the construct of a piece of equipment as an plus is based upon sing it as a beginning of economic benefits for the hereafter, while the consecutive line depreciation of that plus would be viewed as a convention. Harmonizing to Bullen and Crook ( 2005 ) , a consistent regulative accounting model is required to meet different facets of showing the same constructs. The development of an accurate and good developed regulative model is indispensable to forestall accounting fraud and misrepresentation such as the fiscal dirt that erupted at Enron. Second, it besides provides advantages for investors, such as the ISAB model for illustration, which Ball ( 2005:9 ) has spelt out as follows: ( a ) a more efficient rating in equity markets ( B ) reduced costs to treat fiscal information because GAAP accommodations are non required ( degree Celsius ) reduced costs for being informed in a timely mode and ( vitamin D ) ability to make standardised fiscal databases. If these criterions are implemented systematically, so it provides better comparison and therefore ensures that there is less hazard for investors. Third, it enables certain aims of fiscal coverage to be met, such as ( a ) utility in doing econ omic determinations ( B ) useful in measuring hard currency flow chances and ( degree Celsius ) supplying information about endeavor resources, the claims of these resources and the alterations that are required. Using ISAB Standards: The bing ISAB model is similar to the FSAB model in footings of its structural constituents, i.e. , puting out the aims, the qualitative features of the information, elements of fiscal statements, their measuring and show in the statements every bit good as elements of revelation. The qualitative features listed for illustration, include comprehensibility, relevancy, dependability and comparison ( Zeff 2007:291 ) . There are two specific challenges originating where world-wide fiscal coverage is concerned: comparison and convergence. Most companies are utilizing the International Financial coverage Standards in order to fix their fiscal statements ( Zeff, 2007 ) . The differences in concern imposts and corporate constructions, such as the kieretsu in Japan and chaebol in Korea which are really webs of keeping companies with meshing relationships, raises the inquiry of whether a criterion on amalgamate fiscal statements would guarantee comparison. It must be noted that there are some factors interfering with world-wide comparison, such as the concern and fiscal civilization, the accounting civilization, the auditing civilization and the regulative civilization ( Zeff, 2007 ) . Different states have different legal models in topographic point to undertake issues of fiscal ordinance and the operation of companies. For illustration, in the United States, the Sarbanes Oxley Act tries to modulate the operation of companies, while in the UK, it is the Turnbull study which has guided corporate administration. Achieving similarity between the different legal national systems and their effectual execution across geographical boundaries is besides hard. While there are similar commissariats among the Torahs of different states, it must be noted that statutory commissariats tend to put out legal parametric quantities which may be equal to show what fiscal actions would be considered illegal. The Companies Act of 2006, for illustration, has late been amended to let companies greater latitude and flexibleness in their operations, such as determination devising, company formation, manager responsibilities, etc, every bit good as spelling out bounds on wage allowable to them. The constituents of the legal commissariats thereby set out elaborate parametric quantities about how the company maps and how it is to transport out its concern operations. The Companies Act of 2006 besides requires that companies set up hazard appraisal and answerability steps, such as puting up independent hearer map to supervise and look into accounting processs within the Company. But all these facets are dealt with in generalizations instead than particulars i n so far as statutory commissariats are concerned. But the ISAB model is much more comprehensive from the position of set uping and specifying fiscal parametric quantities. For case, the ISAB model defines assets, liabilities and equity clearly. Other information contained in the models includes the features of fiscal information, such as the elements of fiscal statements and their acknowledgment, every bit good as measuring of assets and liabilities. As Ball ( 2005 ) points out, investors require high quality fiscal statements, which would ask ( a ) an accurate word picture of economic results ( B ) seasonableness and ( degree Celsius ) a low capacity for use by directors. None of these elements are likely to be constituents of the jurisprudence ( Ball, 2005:5 ) . The ISAB model on the other manus, does put an accent on dependability and relevancy. The aims spelt out under ISAB include the development of high quality, apprehensible and enforceable planetary accounting criterions, advancing the strict application of those criterions and conveying about a convergence in these criterions. ( Ball, 2005:6 ) . Furthermore, the regulative models place accent on dependability and consistence of accounting models which helps to guarantee that there is comparison and relevancy across geographical boundaries. In decision hence, a regulative model for fiscal coverage is necessary to guarantee that there is consistence across fiscal criterions in assorted states. Regulatory frameworks besides aid to specify fiscal parametric quantities more clearly every bit compared to statutory commissariats, which provide a more generalised set of regulations and Torahs that companies are expected to adhere to. It is merely when there is a misdemeanor in fiscal behavior that a legal proviso can be applied and contested, in order to set up how it applies in the context of the specific incident or allegation that has been brought before the Courts. A fiscal regulative model such as the ISAB model nevertheless, clearly defines fiscal parametric quantities and allows for the readying of accurate fiscal statements which are likely to be more enlightening for investors, based upon an accurate word picture of economic results.

Area and Volume

5 ? x ? 0. 5. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g. (Total 6 marks) 2. Let f(x) = Aekx + 3. Part of the graph of f is shown below. The y-intercept is at (0, 13). (a)Show that A =10. (2) (b)Given that f(15) = 3. 49 (correct to 3 significant figures), find the value of k. (3) (c)(i)Using your value of k, find f? (x). (ii)Hence, explain why f is a decreasing function. iii)Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of the graph f. (5) Let g(x) = –x2 + 12x – 24. (d)Find the area enclosed by the graphs of f and g. (6) (Total 16 marks) 3. The following diagram shows the graphs of f (x) = ln (3x – 2) + 1 and g (x) = – 4 cos (0. 5x) + 2, for 1 ? x ? 10. (a)Let A be the area of the region enclosed by the curves of f and g. (i)Find an expression for A. (ii)Calculate the value of A. (6) (b)(i)Find f ? (x). (ii)Find g? (x). (4) c)There are two values of x for which the gradient of f is equal to the gradient of g. Find both these values of x. (4) (Total 14 marks) 4. The graph of f(x) = , for –2 ? x ? 2, is shown below. The region enclosed by the curve of f and the x-axis is rotated 360Â ° about the x-axis. Find the volume of the solid formed. (Total 6 marks) 5. The graph of y = between x = 0 and x = a is rotated 360Â ° about the x-axis. The volume of the solid formed is 32?. Find the value of a. (Total 7 marks) Area and Volume 5 ? x ? 0. 5. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g. (Total 6 marks) 2. Let f(x) = Aekx + 3. Part of the graph of f is shown below. The y-intercept is at (0, 13). (a)Show that A =10. (2) (b)Given that f(15) = 3. 49 (correct to 3 significant figures), find the value of k. (3) (c)(i)Using your value of k, find f? (x). (ii)Hence, explain why f is a decreasing function. iii)Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of the graph f. (5) Let g(x) = –x2 + 12x – 24. (d)Find the area enclosed by the graphs of f and g. (6) (Total 16 marks) 3. The following diagram shows the graphs of f (x) = ln (3x – 2) + 1 and g (x) = – 4 cos (0. 5x) + 2, for 1 ? x ? 10. (a)Let A be the area of the region enclosed by the curves of f and g. (i)Find an expression for A. (ii)Calculate the value of A. (6) (b)(i)Find f ? (x). (ii)Find g? (x). (4) c)There are two values of x for which the gradient of f is equal to the gradient of g. Find both these values of x. (4) (Total 14 marks) 4. The graph of f(x) = , for –2 ? x ? 2, is shown below. The region enclosed by the curve of f and the x-axis is rotated 360Â ° about the x-axis. Find the volume of the solid formed. (Total 6 marks) 5. The graph of y = between x = 0 and x = a is rotated 360Â ° about the x-axis. The volume of the solid formed is 32?. Find the value of a. (Total 7 marks)

How can colleges increase their minority students population Essay

How can colleges increase their minority students population - Essay Example Colleges such as University of Southern California, University of San Francisco and even Stanford University have gained many benefits from having a diverse population both in terms of students and faculty. However, it must be noted that, obtaining a high level of diversity is not an easy objective and a lot has to be done by many colleges before they can claim to have diversity as an advantage that the offer to their students. Diversity can be clearly understood as a competitive advantage since it allows students to experience the world as it would be in their real life work environment. As per the suggestions given by Sherman (1996), the experience of diversity can help in breaking any stereotypes that a person may have and this would help in improving not only the overall outlook of the student but also improve their chances of having better future encounters with individuals coming from diverse backgrounds. There are several strategies that can be recommended to colleges for increasing their level of diversity. The most practical advice in this case is given by Dr. Campbell (2006) who works with the NAMCE (National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering). She suggests that colleges should try and reach out to diverse populations rather than sit back and hope that diverse populations will seek them out. She also applauds the GE Foundation that funded the Math Excellence program which helped colleges get more diverse engineering students through financial education support and by creating connections between colleges and students. As suggested by Trumble and Overstreet (2006), such connections work in the corporate world quite affectively when it comes to retention and recruitment and there is no reason why they can not work in the education sector. These connections were formed when colleges brought students from a diverse background to the campus in order to help them understand why

Business Process Management in Systems Integration Literature review

Business Process Management in Systems Integration - Literature review Example Actually, business process management is a division of infrastructure management, which is a managerial field aimed at maintaining and enhancing a company’s equipment and fundamental tasks (TechTarget, 2005), (Orbis Software Ltd., 2011) and (KnowledgeHills, 2011). This will discuss some of the important aspects of business process management and its role in system integration. Business Systems Integration Various researches conducted by industry analysts revealed that companies are investing 20% to 30% of their IT budget in integrating systems and applications, while they would need to suppose that the systems they spend in are interoperable. However, the circumstances are hard to defend and customers are trying to clarifying this point to their business and systems integration partners. On the other hand, with the passage of time, the process of systems integration is becoming more and more difficult. Additionally, the client’s integration developments at the present t urn into the value chain, which result in n-factorial positions of integration between applications owned by various corporations. Moreover, majority of businesses at the present do not depend completely on a single application image, for instance ERP. In this scenario, the integration projects expand over legacy systems, already available ERP and new purchases (Smith, 2002). Types of BPM At the present, there exist 3 different kinds of BPM frameworks marketplace. In this scenario, first one is horizontal frameworks, which focuses on design and development of business procedures and normally pay more attention on technology and reuse. Second type is vertical BPM arrangements, which focus on a precise group of synchronized jobs as well as include pre-built templates that could be configured and organized according to business needs and requirements. Lastly, the full-service BPM arrangements encompass five fundamental components that are outlined below: (TechTarget, 2005), (Businessba lls, 2009) and (Owen & Raj, 2011) Process discovery and project scoping Process modeling and design Business rules engine Workflow engine Simulation and testing Furthermore, more and more businesses are now adopting on-premise business process management (BPM) as a standard, since progresses in cloud computing have directed to augmented interest in on-demand, software as a service (SaaS) based capabilities and services (TechTarget, 2005). Business process management in Systems integration Enterprise System Integration (ESI) is the standard long-lasting development, merger and incorporation of a lot of advanced computing science, enterprise-wide management and networking fields comprising enterprise application integration, electronic business process management, self-defining meta-data repository, (information sharing and disambiguation), enterprise architecture, etc. In addition, enterprise system integration identifies and helps get rid of following main factors that are outlined below: (Hartweg, 2007) Unnecessary redundancy Duplication of effort Reinventing the wheel Moreover, it also helps reduce the mismatched and unrelated enterprise elements all through the isolated compartmentalized departments that are short of coordination of procedures or systems, through independent development and maintenance budgets (Hartweg, 2007). Use of Process Automation Sometimes processes are considered as a new development model that can eventually move the object

Corporate Social Responsibility in Business Activity Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility in Business Activity - Essay Example The rationale for CSR has been about building sustainable businesses that require healthy economies, communities, and markets (Asian-Occasion Computing Industry Organization, 2004). CSR has been recognized as that responsibility of business houses that are relevant for acting in a socially responsible way. The concept of CSR is linked to the process of business decision making related to ethical values, respect for people, legal compliance, environment, and community. CSR is that aspect of the business which induces a company for going further than it is demanded by law. The following dimensions are significant in requirements for success of CSR: Treatment of employees with respect and fairness Operate in an ethical manner and with integrity in its business deals with suppliers, customers, lenders and others Respect the rights of human beings Sustaining environment for generations to come Become a responsible neighbour within society along with evolving as a fair ‘corporate cit izen’ (The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2005) CSR has evolved as the latest buzz word to which companies are getting attentive. Governments are also keen on the aspect that companies follow CSR since social welfare has become the responsibility of both private and public sector. CSR should be viewed by the corporate as being guided by social conscience and not by force of any external sources. Considering the level of importance of CSR, this research study has been undertaken that will deal with the entire perspective of the concept in today’s corporate world. 2.0 Historical Developments The concept of CSR is not new to the world as it has evolved since the concept of business has started. CSR is such a principle that reviews that corporate has a responsibility towards society apart from the objective of profit maximization. CSR has emerged throughout the years and has evolved as an important part of corporate. The historical development of CSR will be presented with r espect to its perspectives of growth and development from the period during the 1960s till the present time. 2.1 CSR during the 60s An organization for economic cooperation and development was created when OECD Convention was signed in Paris on 14/12/60 and came into effect on 30/9/61. The convention was created for promoting policies that were designed on achieving three important objectives.

International Political Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Political Economy - Essay Example (Ttreault and Abel, 1998: p. 3). With reference to the material reality individual actors are expected to be pursuing their self-interest through bargaining and the interplay of the market. (Ttreault and Abel, 1998: p. 3). Similarly considering the ideological reality one would expect to see a multi-faceted order and its potential for improving overall production and wealth skewed in various ways to provide different sorts of short-term advantages for those who can manipulate the system to conform to specific goals. (Ttreault and Abel, 1998: p. 3). For instance the flow of resources, the availability of money as well as the cost of doing business can be manipulated, even by weak countries if they seize the right moment. While the material reality may be evolving toward a complex interactive system, such an outcome serves to justify and describe one way or another to rig the system to a particular advantage rather than to structure a mutually beneficial international economic order likely to raise overall global wea lth but unlikely to generate individual distinction or preeminence for particular countries. (Ttreault and Abel, 1998: p. 3). Dependency theory refer to a set of theories, which maintained that third world countries fail to attain adequate and sustainable levels of development as a result of their dependence on the advanced capitalist economies. (Scott and Marshall, 2005). Built upon Lenin's theories of imperialism, the theory focused upon the economic penetration of the third world particularly Latin America by the large capitalist economies. (Lievesley, 2003). Dependency theory was developed in 1960 and called into question the structural developmentalism associated with Raul Presbish as well as the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), which emerged in 1948 in Santiago, Chile. (Lievesley, 2003). According to the ECLA, the world was regarded as divided into center (the developed, industrialized North) and the periphery (the underdeveloped agricultural South) and the relationship between them was determined by the structure of the world economy. (Lievesley, 2003). The economy of Latin America concentrated on the production of primary inputs for export to the developed industrialized North. Presbish later discovered that instead of a mutually advantageous relationship between North and South, there was an unequal exchange with Latin American economies facing a long-term secular decline in their terms of trade thereby resulting in a chronic balance of payment deficits with the periphery having to export more and more in order to maintain the same levels of manufactured imports. (Lievesley, 2003). The figure in the following page represents the relationship between the developed industrialized North and the underdeveloped agricultural south. Figure 1. Dependency Theory Core/Metropolitan Centre Power Development Unequal Exchange Periphery Under development Marginal = Dependency Theory Source: Lecture Notes. Frank, a German Economist of development was the major contributor to dependency theory who in his book Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (1967), concentrated upon the external mechanisms of control exerted by the centre (or metropole) upon the periphery (or satellite). (Lievesley, 2003; Scott and Marshal, 2005). The centre maintained the periphery in a state of underdevelopment for

ECO 5 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECO 5 CA - Essay Example (Koutsoyannis, 192-199) First degree price discrimination- This incorporates negotiation between the individual customers and the seller for selling each unit of output at its corresponding prices, such that the monopolist can receive entire consumer’s surplus. So long as the price, discriminating manages to reap part of the consumers’ surplus his total revenue will be at the peak level, even if sells the quantity at the intersection point of MC curve with the MR curve. 2) Firms that practice price discrimination decide to charge that price for which the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. Corresponding to that point of equality, we will get another point on the average revenue curve, which will tell us the price that the firm should charge to maximize its profits. Firms can also charge price based on the elasticity of demand. This implies an important fact that a monopolist will always operate in the elastic region of the demand curve. A monopolist will not be able to operate in the inelastic region of the demand curve because he will be getting negative marginal revenue, which is not at all desirable hence, he will operate only in the elastic region. If he operates in two markets where the elasticity is higher on one and lower on the other then he will charge a high price in the high elasticity market than in the low elasticity market. Producers can also decide their pricing strategies based on the marginal cost pricing approach. This means that if the producer operates in two markets and if he finds that the marginal cost of production if higher in the first market then in the second market then he will produce less in the first market and charge a high price in that market but in the second market he will produce more and charge a lower price thereby maximizing his profits. (Price Discrimination). The basis differentiation based on the gender for the

Corporate Social Responsibility in Business Activity Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility in Business Activity - Essay Example The rationale for CSR has been about building sustainable businesses that require healthy economies, communities, and markets (Asian-Occasion Computing Industry Organization, 2004). CSR has been recognized as that responsibility of business houses that are relevant for acting in a socially responsible way. The concept of CSR is linked to the process of business decision making related to ethical values, respect for people, legal compliance, environment, and community. CSR is that aspect of the business which induces a company for going further than it is demanded by law. The following dimensions are significant in requirements for success of CSR: Treatment of employees with respect and fairness Operate in an ethical manner and with integrity in its business deals with suppliers, customers, lenders and others Respect the rights of human beings Sustaining environment for generations to come Become a responsible neighbour within society along with evolving as a fair ‘corporate cit izen’ (The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2005) CSR has evolved as the latest buzz word to which companies are getting attentive. Governments are also keen on the aspect that companies follow CSR since social welfare has become the responsibility of both private and public sector. CSR should be viewed by the corporate as being guided by social conscience and not by force of any external sources. Considering the level of importance of CSR, this research study has been undertaken that will deal with the entire perspective of the concept in today’s corporate world. 2.0 Historical Developments The concept of CSR is not new to the world as it has evolved since the concept of business has started. CSR is such a principle that reviews that corporate has a responsibility towards society apart from the objective of profit maximization. CSR has emerged throughout the years and has evolved as an important part of corporate. The historical development of CSR will be presented with r espect to its perspectives of growth and development from the period during the 1960s till the present time. 2.1 CSR during the 60s An organization for economic cooperation and development was created when OECD Convention was signed in Paris on 14/12/60 and came into effect on 30/9/61. The convention was created for promoting policies that were designed on achieving three important objectives.

ECO 5 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECO 5 CA - Essay Example (Koutsoyannis, 192-199) First degree price discrimination- This incorporates negotiation between the individual customers and the seller for selling each unit of output at its corresponding prices, such that the monopolist can receive entire consumer’s surplus. So long as the price, discriminating manages to reap part of the consumers’ surplus his total revenue will be at the peak level, even if sells the quantity at the intersection point of MC curve with the MR curve. 2) Firms that practice price discrimination decide to charge that price for which the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. Corresponding to that point of equality, we will get another point on the average revenue curve, which will tell us the price that the firm should charge to maximize its profits. Firms can also charge price based on the elasticity of demand. This implies an important fact that a monopolist will always operate in the elastic region of the demand curve. A monopolist will not be able to operate in the inelastic region of the demand curve because he will be getting negative marginal revenue, which is not at all desirable hence, he will operate only in the elastic region. If he operates in two markets where the elasticity is higher on one and lower on the other then he will charge a high price in the high elasticity market than in the low elasticity market. Producers can also decide their pricing strategies based on the marginal cost pricing approach. This means that if the producer operates in two markets and if he finds that the marginal cost of production if higher in the first market then in the second market then he will produce less in the first market and charge a high price in that market but in the second market he will produce more and charge a lower price thereby maximizing his profits. (Price Discrimination). The basis differentiation based on the gender for the

Dead Poets Society Essay Example for Free

Dead Poets Society Essay Dead Poets Society made a huge impact on how I see things now. I secretly branded Mr. Keating, as the Epitome of teaching, every students dream is to find a teacher like Mr. Keating. Eventhough his teaching style is unconventional, you would really learn something. Hes not like your typical teacher who teaches by the book, because for me, Mr. Keating IS the book. All his lectures are inspirational, he teaches things that would not just help you academically, but also emotionally. He reminds me so much about my Highschool history teacher, a very father-like person, very comical, easy to hang with and lastly he encourages us to pursue our dreams, even though our dreams are impossible. Mr. Keating and my highschool teacher made me realize that there are no limits when we talk about achieving what we want and reaching for our goals, the only hindrance would be ourselves, the fear of not succeeding. So that in the end, we would have little regrets or non at all. I think that its one of the many factors that led me to put Dead Poets Society as one of the must-watch movie list for me. At first thinking outside the box was such a cliche for me, but after watching it, I try to apply that idea to everything I do. This story is very suitable for us, teenagers. Who are currently in that state where we are still confused of what we really want for our future. Add up the nerve wrecking peer pressure, love, parents, homeworks, proffessors, organizations and the like, which contributes to our decisions.

Price collusion in oligopolies

Price collusion in oligopolies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An oligopoly market exists when a few large firms dominate the industry. This form of market structure lies in between the realms of the unattainable structure of Perfect Competition to the structure of Monopoly. Each firm competes in order to maximise its market share. Oligopolies are defined as per their behavioural aspects rather than their market structure. As a result oligopolies are characterised upon two fundamentals; high barriers to entry and interdependence. Even though each firm competes with one another, each firm is still tied with each other, in the sense that each firm is interdependent. When faced upon decisions, the firm must take into consideration the likely reaction of rival firms, as one wrong move can end with a devastating consequence; the loss of market share. Incumbent firms are protected by barriers to entry; however each industry varies in terms of contestability. The goods and services that firms produce within an oligop oly are differentiated, in the sense that similar goods vary in terms of its branding, quality and after-sales services etc. A few good examples of firms competing in oligopolistic markets are the car industry, supermarket chains and banks etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oligopolies tend to behave either competitively or collusively. In accordance with the kinked demand curve theory, homogeneous oligopolies are fairly restricted in terms of price competition, as shown by the following diagram. Each firm must take into account the reactions of rivals; hence if a firm decided to raise prices, with the hope of gaining extra profits, from point P1 to P2. Other firms anticipate this increase, therefore keep their prices untouched. Quantity sold would plunge from point Q1 to Q2. This fall in sales is greater than the increase in price, and so leads to an overall fall in revenue; hence the elastic demand curve (curve A). However if this firm chose as an alternative, to lower its prices from point P1 to P3, other firms would follow suit, with the intentions of not losing market share to its rival. Consequently quantity sold would only increase from point Q1 to Q3. The fall in price would have to be larger for it to accommodate the increase in sales, hence the inelastic demand curve (curve B). Again this decision would result in a reduction in revenue, bearing in mind a fall in market share. Thus firms are reluctant to change prices due to the effects mentioned. Therefore, price stability is imposed under oligopoly markets; in turn firms focus on aspects of non-price competition. Such practices may include extra after-sales services, longer opening times, extended warranties and extensive advertising campaigns etc. Non-price competition would therefore shift the demand curve or the firm successfully makes the price elasticity of demand for the product less elastic, thus developing brand loyalty amongst consumers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Price/non-price competition involves firms behaving interdependently. Seeking to eliminate market uncertainty is a key desire for a market dominated by a few large firms. Thus businesses are keen to collude with competitors to reduce the effects of interdependence, either collude openly (formal agreements), or tacitly (informally under the radar). Formal collusive agreements bring forth the formation of a cartel. The advantages of such cartels, is that firms are able to achieve joint profit maximisation. Each member of the cartel is given an output quota usually depending upon each firms market share, which as a whole will maximise the cartels profits at the profit maximising price. Cartels therefore act as if they were a monopoly, taking control of the whole industry, whereby it is able to restrict output and raise prices (disadvantages of a monopoly structure). Consumer surplus is restricted and producer sovereignty exploited. As an assumption, there are a total of five firms in the industry, each agreed to be a member of the cartel. For the members to achieve joint profit maximisation, the cartel thus has to produce at its profit maximising level at point where marginal costs (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). Thus the cartel, therefore the industry produces 4000 units which are then sold at the price of  £6. Assuming that each firm shares an equal amount of the market, for that reason each firm is given an output quota of 800 units. By analysing each firm independently (figure 3), the quota of 800 units does not lie at their profit maximising level. For this reason, the firm is likely to cheat, maybe undercut the cartel price or increase output to maximise its utility. Assuming the firm agrees not to change the price, for the firm to maximise its profits, it would have to increase output to 2400 units at the point where the cartels price (MR) equals the firms MC curve. At the cartel output, it would ac hieve revenue of  £4800. By increasing output to 2400 units it can boost revenue to  £14400; a good 200% increase in revenue. This would only occur if the firm can control total market share, taking the other members out of the equation. In turn if the firm wished to profit maximise using its own curves, it would therefore sell 1600 units at a price of  £4 at where MC=MR. By undercutting the cartel price the firm can attract extra customers, therefore increase supernormal profits. Interestingly, other member firms are also likely to lower their prices in the midst of cheating, which could lead to a price war, eventually leading to the breakdown of the cartel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the reasons mentioned above, i.e. cartels behaving as a monopoly and the breakdowns of the cartels can lead to increased price fluctuations; in the interests of consumers, cartels are deemed illegal in many countries including the UK. Cartels, being against the public interest, its in the interests of the Competition Commission and the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) to investigate such cartel behaviour and counteract the cartels intentions. Bearing in mind that cartels are against the public interest, there is one cartel being in favour of consumers and the economy as a whole. It is not formed by a group of member firms, but formed with member countries; OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). As stated, OPECs mission is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital to those investing in the petroleum industry (OPEC, http://www.opec.org/home/ ). Assuming OPEC keeps to its mission, it is truthful to say that OPEC aims to strengthen the global economy, bringing price stability in the commodity market. However other firms caught with price fixing have not had the same treatment. Just recently the New York Times has published LCD makers fined $585 million for price fixing (New York Times, Published; November 13 2008, by Steve Lohr). LG Display, Sharp and Chunghwa Picture Tubes were investigated and pled guilty of fixing the price of their liquid crystal display panels and were fined a total of $585 million by the U.S. Justice Departments antitrust division.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The difficulties faced with open collusion, and the consequences (the Competition Commission can fine the firms involved in cartel behaviour 10% of their worldwide turnover), means that firms are often reluctant to form cartels, therefore take the chances to collude tacitly. There are a few methods of tacit collusion, the popular being Dominant-firm Price Leadership. In simple terms the dominant firm in the industry becomes the price leader, at which the other firms tactically follow the dominant firms price changes, yet also keeping a close eye on their rivals. There is some evidence linking the supermarket industry to this method of dominant-firm price leadership, whereby Tesco being the dominant of all supermarkets. As published by TNSGlobal, for the 12 weeks ending 1st November 2009 show that Tesco has grown its market share from 30.6% a year ago to 30.7% now. TNSGlobal claims that, Tescos growth rate of 4.7% year-on-year beats the market avera ge of 4.4% (TNSGlobal, www.tnsglobal.com ). Being the dominant in the industry, it therefore acts as a price setter, resulting in the other firms following the price changes. However this strategy has been a prime condition of Tesco (to control the market), up until the moment one of the supermarket firms cheats by undercutting the price and not following the price leadership strategy. This has been the case recently (from personal experiences), that Asda is the better value supermarket, and may be voted as the credit crunch climate favourite. Asdas main advantage for the consumer is that there are a wide range of discounted products, that even Tesco and other supermarkets cant match. Instead of the price leadership tactic, oligopolies may indulge in price parallelism, whereby each firms price movements are parallel with their rivals. Such a policy requires no dominant firm imposing price changes. Besides firms who dominate the industry being the price leader, firms may become a barometer of market conditions, whereby firms engage in the tactic of barometric price leadership. This form of approach unfolds when a firm can successfully anticipate future market conditions in the short run, applying their knowledge to price changes. Firms neither have to be dominating the industry nor be a large firm. Price changes thus reflect changes in market demand or supply, where the firm who predicts such changes in the market becomes the barometer in the industry in which fellow competitors follow. From such a policy, it is important to note that firms frequently switch between the roles of a price leader to a price follower. As a precaution, following firms may delay their price changes in order to be sure that the price changes by the barometer is consistent with the results obtained of the current market situation. Therefore a time lag may arise, or firms may decide that results are inc onsistent with the barometer, thus leave their price unchanged, undercutting the price leader. In the interest of each firm, costs may rise as a result of marker research, therefore in order to minimise the costs, firms may just follow the price changes of the price leader without undertaking research, in the hope that the barometer is correct about current or future market conditions. Firms may compete in terms of the Bertrand model. This model assumes that there are two firms in the industry (duopoly). Both firms aim for price stability in order to reduce menu costs. Hence both firms set their prices at where it would have been in a perfectly competitive market, usually making normal profit. This point refers to the Nash equilibrium. This ensures that neither firm can undercut the price, avoiding any price wars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To conclude, it can be suggested that there is some correlation between the policies in which oligopolies compete at, and the contestability of the industry in which they operate in. A highly contestable market in which barriers to entry are low, pressurises firms to compete more aggressively, whereas if incumbent firms have successfully erected high barriers to entry, whether natural or man-made barriers; the industry becomes less contestable, providing incentives to collude to maintain market share. There is a high probability that the formation of cartels will inevitably lead to the breakdown of the cartel, for reasons of cheating. Price fixing or other forms of agreement never maximises each firms benefit. However, this statement only relates to the short term, but an agreement with other firms does reduce uncertainty, therefore benefiting firms in the long run to maintain supernormal profits. Member firms must find ways to restrict other membe rs from cheating on the cartel price. Therefore the profit loss incurred by deviating from the cartel should exceed the profit loss by remaining in the cartel. As shown by figure 3, this is difficult to achieve. Theoretically, it is easy to form a cartel when approached via the text-book assumptions. However in the real world, it is difficult without perfect information being available. Research suggests that, differences in product life cycles and fluctuations in demand create instability among agreements, which naturally fractures the cartel (Haltiwanger and Harrington (1991)). Collusion to mimic operations as a monopoly allows investment in research and development to be funded collectively via joint profit maximisation, benefiting consumers in the long run. In essence, firms who compete without any form of collusion or agreements, have greater scope to maximise personal utility, by developing brand loyalty among consumers, thus being able to successfully increase market share. T his would be the best policy to approach benefiting both the firms and the consumer, yet avoiding any government intervention. References Garner, E. (2009). Tesco Share Turnaround. Available: http://www.tnsglobal.com/_assets/files/worldpanel_marketshare_oct2009.pdf. Last accessed 03/12/2009. Haltiwanger, J. and J. Harrington (1991), The impact of cyclical demand movements on collusive behaviour, Rand Journal of Economics, 22:89- 106. Lohr, S. (2008) LCD makers fined $585 million for price fixing, New York Times, 13 November. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/13/technology/13iht-13panel.17777580.html?_r=1scp=1sq=LCD%20makers%20fined%20%24585%20million%20for%20price%20fixingst=cse. Last accessed 03/12/2009 OPEC. (n.d.). OPECs Mission. Available: http://www.opec.org/home/ . Last accessed 02/12/2009.

Justice in movie Crash Essay -- Philosophy Analysis Crash Film Movie

Justice in movie Crash In the movie Crash, directed by Paul Haggis, John Stuart Mill's theories on Social Justice and Utility are depicted within the context of the 20th century. Haggis' representation of a multicultural society is one built on racism and inequality, which limits the social justice people can acquire. In this film prejudice and stereotyping are prevalent when discussing legal rights and moral rights. The social situation has profound impacts on the choices people make. This society's foundation is based on injustice, although in the end, justice is served through the concept of `justice of desert'. Social Justice prevails in society where legal laws are practiced and respected. It is considered unjust to: "deprive anyone of his [or her] personal liberty, his [or her] property, or any other thing which belongs to him [or her] by law" (Social Justice and Utility, pg. 168). In this movie there is an inconsistent application of legal laws, which is especially applicable to those individuals considered `foreign' or `immigrant'. The storeowner (no character name; played by Howard Fong) who immigrated to America has had experiences of racism, which made him distrust others; this shows through his interactions with people. The storeowner's legal laws were violated when he wanted to purchase a gun for his family store, in order to have protection against future robbers. Yet, he was prohibited from doing so, based his race and heavy accent. The owner of the gun store made degrading comments about his citizenship and his ability to speak English, and questioned his legal right to buy a gun. The storeowner obviously had been subjected to this type of hostility before, began quarrelling with the man in a d... ...just world. Now he could be charged with attempted murder and he has to deal with the fact that he almost shot a little girl. The charges would be laid by Daniel strengthening Mills theory, "evil from those to whom he has does or has done evil" (Social Justice and Utility, pg169). Justice has been achieved through justice of desert. This demonstrates to us that no matter how much your legal or moral laws are violated, what matters is how you as an individual react to the situation, justly or unjustly. This movie is centered around the notion that if you are a person of ethnic background, that alone is reason for others to forsake your rights, although in the long run justice will prevail Bibliography John Stuart Mill, "Social Justice and Utility" as cited in Solomon and Murphy, What is Justice?, pages 166- 169. Crash (2005) directed by Paul Haggis